臭椿治理铜污染土壤的实验测定

臭椿（Ailanthus altissima）具有很强的抗逆性，能适应多种不良的环境，在中国广泛分布，是一个很有潜力的修复铜污染土壤的物种。通过种植实验检验臭椿修复铜污染土壤的能力。臭椿实生苗移植于4种不同铜的质量分数（0、29、57和86 mg·kg-1）、3种不同的施肥处理（对照、有机肥、无机肥）的土壤，经过5周种植，测量臭椿根、茎、叶的铜含量及各部分生物量。试验结果表明：1）土壤铜浓度的差异对臭椿生长没有显著影响；2）土壤施肥处理显著影响臭椿生长，施加无机肥生长最佳，对照次之，施有机肥最低；3）随土壤铜浓度增加，臭椿根、茎、叶的铜含量增加，然后趋缓，但似乎根、茎、叶的铜含量变化不同步；4）土壤肥力对臭椿茎、叶的铜含量没有显著影响，但对根的铜含量影响显著，施加无机肥的根中铜含量显著增加。臭椿经过短短5周处理，其体内铜的质量分数就到达120μg·g-1，且铜在各组织中的分布比为根：茎：叶＝2?1?2。相比一些超富集铜的草本植物，臭椿的铜吸收能力尚有距离，但其高生长、高抗逆性、深根系的特点，加之其对其他众多重金属元素的吸收能力使得这个物种在生物修复污染土壤方面的作用不容小觑。本研究丰富了治理土壤重金属污染的物种库，为进一步寻找重金属“超富集植物”，更有效的治理土壤污染提供一定的参考价值。     

福州市区冬春季PM2.5污染特征与来源差异性分析

基于福州市区2015年2月—2016年1月间的大气PM_(2.5)监测数据,综合运用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式、潜在源贡献因子法(WPSCF)与浓度权重轨迹分析(WCWT)等方法,探讨了福州市区冬、春季PM_(2.5)污染特征和典型污染过程成因,总结了气象因子和污染来源的季节性差异.研究期间,冬、春季是福州市区PM_(2.5)污染的主要季节,福州市区不同类型站点的PM_(2.5)浓度在冬、春季污染发生时均呈现出整体升高的特点,但浓度日变化却存在季节性差异,冬季无显著日变化,春季则表现为单峰单谷特征.福州市区春季主要受锋前暖区和高压后部等天气系统影响,大气扩散条件差,PM_(2.5)极易在不利的气象条件下累积,福建沿海地区是其PM_(2.5)污染的主要潜在源区;冬季污染易受高压天气系统作用,盛行偏北风,长江三角洲地区的污染物输入会对福州市区空气质量产生较大影响,长江三角洲、浙江东南沿海、福建北部是其PM_(2.5)污染的主要潜在源区.     

Seasonal and spatial trends in the sources of fine particle organic carbon in Israel,Jordan, and Palestine

A study of carbonaceous particulate matter (PM) was conducted in the Middle East at sites in Israel, Jordan, and Palestine. The sources and seasonal variation of organic carbon, as well as the contribution to fine aerosol (PM_2.5) mass, were determined. Of the 11 sites studied, Nablus had the highest contribution of organic carbon (OC), 29%, and elemental carbon (EC), 19%, to total PM_2.5 mass. The lowest concentrations of PM_2.5 mass, OC, and EC were measured at southern desert sites, located in Aqaba, Eilat, and Rachma. The OC contribution to PM_2.5 mass at these sites ranged between 9.4% and 16%, with mean annual PM_2.5 mass concentrations ranging from 21 to 25 ug m^?3. These sites were also observed to have the highest OC to EC ratios (4.1–5.0), indicative of smaller contributions from primary combustion sources and/or a higher contribution of secondary organic aerosol. Biomass burning and vehicular emissions were found to be important sources of carbonaceous PM in this region at the non-southern desert sites, which together accounted for 30%–55% of the fine particle organic carbon at these sites. The fraction of measured OC unapportioned to primary sources (1.4 μgC m^?3 to 4.9 μgC m^?3; 30%–74%), which has been shown to be largely from secondary organic aerosol, is relatively constant at the sites examined in this study. This suggests that secondary organic aerosol is important in the Middle East during all seasons of the year.     

武汉市秋、冬季大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析

采用离子色谱法测定武汉市秋、冬季大气PM2.5中水溶性离子浓度,对其化学组成、质量浓度变化特征及源解析等方面进行了研究。结果表明,NO-3、SO2-4、NH+4为武汉市秋、冬季大气PM2.5中主要的水溶性离子,相关性分析表明,燃烧源是秋、冬季大气PM2.5中水溶性离子的共同来源。成分分析表明,工业区的水溶性离子主要来源于燃烧源,交通区的水溶性离子主要来源于二次污染源,其中包括垃圾焚烧源,植物园的水溶性离子主要来源于二次污染源。     

武汉市大气PM2.5中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源

为研究武汉市大气质量状况,在武汉市ID（工业区）、DT（中心城区）、BG（植物园）设3个采样点,连续1 a同步采集了大气中的PM_2.5（细颗粒物）样品,并研究了其中PAHs（多环芳烃）的质量浓度、来源和健康风险.结果表明,武汉市ID、DT、BG采样点的ρ（PAHs）年均值分别为（75.60±28.12）（59.77±22.81）（24.27±9.15）ng/m3,并呈冬季最高、夏季最低的季节性变化趋势.PMF（正定矩阵因子分析）结果显示,ID、DT、BG采样点的PAHs的主要来源分别为燃煤和扬尘（35%和33%）、机动车和扬尘（30%和34%）、机动车和木质燃烧（33%和32%）,在ID和DT采样点,扬尘对大气颗粒物中PAHs的贡献都很大,而燃煤和木质燃烧分别是ID和BG采样点PAHs的重要来源,在3个采样点中,机动车对颗粒物中PAHs贡献都较大,尤其是DT和BG采样点,机动车的贡献都超过30%.利用后向轨迹模型分析采样期间武汉市的气团来源,并结合每天的ρ（PAHs）发现,不同聚类气团对应的ρ（PAHs）差异很小,表明区域传输对武汉市PAHs贡献不大.通过武汉市大气颗粒物中PAHs吸入风险评估发现,武汉市PAHs的吸入风险范围在10-7~10-5之间,ID和DT采样点的部分人群的吸入风险稍高于安全范围（10-6以下）,有潜在的致癌风险.      

Study on stereoselective bioactivity,acute toxicity,and degradation in cucurbits and soil of chiral fungicide famoxadone

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The chiral pesticide famoxadone is mainly applied to control fungal diseases on fruiting vegetables. The fungicidal activity, ecotoxicological...     

Differences of methods to quantify construction and demolition waste for less-developed but fast-growing countries: China as a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As China and other developing countries continue to urbanize over the next decades, construction and demolition waste (CDW) management has been...     

UV/H2O2降解美罗培南的影响因素及毒性研究

利用波长为254 nm的紫外灯活化过氧化氢(H_2O_2)氧化降解美罗培南(MPN),考察了H_2O_2投加量、初始pH值、水中常见共存阴离子(Cl~-、HCO~-_3、NO~-_3)和天然有机化合物(NOM)等重要影响因素对MPN降解的影响.结果表明,紫外光功率为4 W,初始pH为7.0,n(H_2O_2)/n(MPN)=20∶1时,反应20 min后,MPN的降解率达到97.8%.H_2O_2投加量的增加会加快MPN的降解速率,Cl~-和HCO~-_3对UV/H_2O_2体系中MPN去除效果的影响较小,极少量的NO~-_3会促进MPN的降解,当NO~-_3的浓度≥10 mg·L~(-1)时,MPN的降解受到抑制,且离子浓度越高,抑制程度表现越明显.NOM的存在对MPN的降解有抑制作用.与纯水相比,MPN在实际水体中的去除受到抑制,归因于水体基质的影响.大肠杆菌的急性毒性实验研究表明,MPN的中间转化产物保留了一些抗菌性能,但光解的最终产物无抗菌性能.     

One-dimensional recoverable ZnFe2O4/C/MnO2/BiOI magnetic composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance for organic dyes degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Excessive discharge of toxic dyes is detrimental to ecological system and human health. Therefore, an effective photocatalyst must be designed and...     

Carbamazepine degradation by heterogeneous activation of peroxymonosulfate with lanthanum cobaltite perovskite: Performance, mechanism and toxicity

The widely used carbamazepine(CBZ) is one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals and suffers insufficient removal efficiency by conventional wastewater treatment.A synthesized Co-based perovskite(LaCoO_3) was used to activate peroxymonosulfate(PMS) in order to degrade CBZ.Results showed that LaCoO_3 exhibited an excellent performance in PMS activation and CBZ degradation at neutral pH,with low cobalt leaching.The results of FT-IR and XPS verified the high structurally and chemically stability of LaCoO_3 in PMS activation.Electron spin resonance(ESR) analysis suggested the generation of radical species,such as sulfate radicals(SO_4·~-) and hydroxyl radicals(·OH).Radical quenching experiments further revealed the responsibility of SO_4·~-as the dominant oxidant for CBZ oxidation.Ten products were detected via the oxidation of CBZ,with the olefinic double bond attacked by SO_4·~-as the initial step.Hydroxylation,hydrolysis,cyclization and dehydration were involved along the transformation of CBZ.The toxicity of CBZ solution was significantly reduced after treating by PMS/LaCoO_3.