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121.
Jiaoping Xing Longyi Shao Wenbin Zhang Jianfei Peng Wenhua Wang Cong Hou Shijin Shuai Min Hu Daizhou Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):339-348
Traffic vehicles, many of which are powered by port fuel injection (PFI) engines, are major sources of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere. We studied particles from the emission of a commercial PFI-engine vehicle when it was running under the states of cold start, hot start, hot stabilized running, idle and acceleration, using a transmission electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. Results showed that the particles were mainly composed of organic, soot, and Ca-rich particles, with a small amount of S-rich and metal-containing particles, and displayed a unimodal size distribution with the peak at 600?nm. The emissions were highest under the cold start running state, followed by the hot start, hot stabilized, acceleration, and idle running states. Organic particles under the hot start and hot stabilized running states were higher than those of other running states. Soot particles were highest under the cold start running state. Under the idle running state, the relative number fraction of Ca-rich particles was high although their absolute number was low. These results indicate that PFI-engine vehicles emit substantial primary particles, which favor the formation of secondary aerosols via providing reaction sites and reaction catalysts, as well as supplying soot, organic, mineral and metal particles in the size range of the accumulation mode. In addition, the contents of Ca, P, and Zn in organic particles may serve as fingerprints for source apportionment of particles from PFI-engine vehicles. 相似文献
122.
VOCs(挥发性有机物)现已被列为我国大气环境领域的核心污染物.随着汽车零配件制造行业减排要求的提出,于2018年6月选取典型汽车零配件制造企业,采用美国TO-15方法分析VOCs物种,采用FID(氢离子火焰检测器)对NMHC(非甲烷总烃)进行实测,分析汽车零配件涂装过程的VOCs排放特征.结果表明:①由于分析方式的不同,有组织排放的ρ(NMHC)比ρ(VOCs)高1.3~1.9倍,其中末端未安装VOCs处理设施的排气筒排放的ρ(NMHC)最高.②汽车零配件涂装过程排放的主要VOCs物种质量浓度占比范围分别为46.72%~98.33%(芳香烃)、1.20%~52.90%(含氧VOCs),其中ρ(二甲苯)、ρ(苯系物)超标(DB 31/933—2015《大气污染物综合排放标准》)情况较为严重.③未进入VOCs处理装置前的VOCs物种组成与原辅料中VOCs物种组成一致,二者主要VOCs物种的质量分数大致相同,说明生产工艺的不同对VOCs的排放组成影响较小.④比较RTO(蓄热式热力燃烧装置)和活性炭吸附装置处理VOCs前、后废气组成的差异发现,活性炭吸附装置处理对VOCs排放的组成基本无影响,经RTO处理后排放物种以芳香烃和含氧VOCs为主,但是w(芳香烃)和w(含氧VOCs)变化不一致,说明RTO对芳香烃和含氧VOCs处理效率不同.研究显示,为满足国家对汽车零配件制造行业VOCs的减排要求,源头使用高固分涂料或水性涂料替代溶剂型涂料,优化过程收集系统,增强末端处理技术的净化效果、安全性和稳定性,是实现汽车零配件制造行业全过程减排的重要手段. 相似文献
123.
基于国内天然气输送管道西气东输、海气登陆、就近供应的现状,统计了2018年天然气事故,针对发生频率最高的输送管道事故,从事发省份、事发月份以及事发原因等方面进行初步分析,从完善各建设部门联合规划与信息共享机制、制定管道巡线方案和员工培训制度、提高天然气输送管道防腐检测能力以及规范天然气管道建设中承包商的HSE管理等角度提出防范措施,为预警预防国内天然气输送管道事故提供参考。 相似文献
124.
Wang Xinmin Hou Yanlin & Jie Xiaolei Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Resource Environment Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou China. 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2004,2(4)
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of citric and oxalic acids effect on Pb and Zn uptake by corn and winter wheat. The experiment was employed with citric acid (CA) applied at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0 mmol kg-1 soil), oxalic acid (OA) at 3 rates (0, 1.5 and 3.0mmol kg-1 soil) and citric acid combined with oxalic acid (1.5 mmol citric acid combined with 1.5 mmol oxalic acid kg-1). Two types of soil were chose in the experiment. One was collected from the agricultural soil near a battery-recycling factory in Anhui province, China (site A) and the other was collected from a Pb-Zn mine residues in Hunan province, China (site B). The results showed that soil pH varied with the different treatment of citric and oxalic acids. However, there were no differences in all the treatments. 3.0mmol CA kg-1 soil addition significantly increased the concentrations of the CaCI2-extractable Pb and Zn and other treatments have no significantly increased. The highest shoot concentrations of Pb and Zn 相似文献
125.
蓄水、调水、发电,扼制生态环境恶化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蓄水是根本,调水是手段,发电是关键。植树造林和拦河筑坝建设水库电站以及沟渠塘蓄水,可以防止水土流失和水能浪费;调水可以解决横向和纵向水资源分布不平衡带来的问题;发电可以解决调水所需动力和全国缺电的问题。其经济效益约合2000亿元,而且还能扼制生态环境的恶化,减少每年46.6×104hm2土地的损失,缓解荆江大堤和黄河下游大堤越筑越高之危。 相似文献
126.
HCHs and DDTs in sediment-dwelling animals including mollusks and crabs from the Yangtze Estuary were determined by GC-ECD. Levels of t-HCH were in the range of 1.2-5.5 ng g(-1) and averaged 3.5 ng g(-1) in mollusks, while t-DDT concentrations ranged from 26.0 to 68.8 ng g(-1), with a mean of 34.5 ng g(-1). In crabs t-HCH concentrations varied from 2.0 to 25.7 ng g(-1) and averaged 13.8 ng g(-1), whereas the concentrations of t-DDT were in the range of 1.5-24.8 ng g(-1) with a mean value of 5.9 ng g(-1). The HCHs and DDTs levels depend on geographical position and sources, showing the high levels at fresh water area in the estuary, such as XP, CM and LHK sites, and lower at brackish water area, such as FX site, and little difference between species. Results also indicate there was no significant relationship between t-HCH (t-DDT) concentrations and lipid contents both in mollusks and crabs because of non-equilibrium state under a specific estuarine dynamics; smaller individuals accumulated more HCHs and DDTs than larger individuals of mollusks at LHK site, showing different uptake rate for these pesticides; moreover, HCHs and DDTs levels were lower in female crab bodies than male crab bodies suggesting that the release of spawning. BSAFs (Biota- Sediment Accumulation Factors) from sediment-dwelling animals for HCHs and DDTs show a significant "one high with two low" and "one low with two high" effect in the Yangtze Estuary. 相似文献
127.
128.
129.
Caiyun Hou Sen Qiao Yue Yang Jiti Zhou 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(6):92
130.
Zhang Jin Wang Kun Yi Qitao Pei Yu Hou Chuanying Yi Yujun 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):31151-31162
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. The delta is... 相似文献