结构性环境问题——我国环境评价遭遇的"结构"困境

近年来 "结构性环境问题"在我国频发,尤其是结合项目环境影响评价(EIA)制度而突出表现为一种困境--"符合环保先进标准的高环境风险项目".当前学界对于环境问题的认识逐渐从物理层面转向社会层面,然而,对环境评价的研究还停留在基于环境要素功能特征的方法改进和制度完善,当前的结构性环境问题反映出的环境资源在不同利益群体间的不合理性分配还没有被充分认识到.由此,文章借助析出的环境问题两个主要影响变量:环境资源的稀缺性和配置结构的合理性,对"结构性环境问题"的产生过程和特征进行了分析.进而,文章借助系统论的功能-结构理论,结合厦门PX项目事件,认为现有环境评价主要定位于"功能性"特征,还不能针对性地把握结构性环境问题,由此面临结构性困境.为了避免这种困境,有必要进一步展开针对结构性环境问题的环境影响评价方法和制度研究,而且环境影响评价的"结构性"转化也具备着基础理论的支持.     

澳门松山市政公园优势种的种间关联性分析

为了探明澳门松山市政公园群落的物种组成和种间关系,在对其群落进行样方调查的基础上,利用方差比率法、γ2检验以及种间关联度指数对物种关联性进行了分析.结果表明:澳门松山市政公园群落内共有维管束植物119种,其中乔木34种,灌木44种,麒本植物18种,草本植物23种.该群落内物种整体关联性表现为显著的正关联;55个优势种组成的1 485对种对中,有242对表现出显著或极显著关联性.其中有241对种对表现出正关联性.占所有关联对数的99.59%,占总种对数的16.23%;仅1对种对表现出负关联性占所有关联对数0.41%,占总种对数的0.067%.     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH4+, PO43-, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilot-scale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31-73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO2- could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO2- as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO3- when the initial concentration of either NO2- or NO3- was 40 mg/L.     

Na_3PO_4-粉煤灰胶结材组合工艺处理垃圾焚烧飞灰

垃圾焚烧飞灰由于重金属含量高,被认为是危险废物,必须要加以稳定化处理。Na3PO4-粉煤灰组合工艺被用来稳定-固化焚烧飞灰中的重金属。结果表明,Na3PO4稳定-粉煤灰胶结材固化组合处理飞灰降低重金属浸出浓度明显,1.5%Na3PO4,25%掺量的粉煤灰胶结材固化飞灰后,养护7 d即可满足填埋标准。     

炭膜及其在环境领域中的应用

介绍了一种新型的无机分离膜———炭膜 ,讨论了炭膜的孔结构等基本性质 ,综述了这种新材料在气体分离、饮用水净化和废水处理等方面的应用 ,并结合目前炭膜的研究开发现状 ,分析了制约其发展的因素及相应的解决方法     

生物滴滤床废气净化技术及应用

生物滴滤床是一种高效的废气净化装置 ,但其运行受诸多因素影响 ,采用传统的传质理论和传统的生物膜理论进行描述 ,难以取得满意结果 ,因此应从多方面来理解生物滴滤床的设计和运行 ,以开发高效的反应器和合理的运行处理系统。在分析中 ,综述了生物滴滤床净化有机废气的原理及运行中的多种影响因素 ,阐述了生物滴滤床的研究现状及相关应用。     

Big data and artificial intelligence application in energy field: a bibliometric analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper uses bibliometrics to characterize the knowledge systems of big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and energy based on the Science...     

Scrutinizing the interaction between metribuzin with glutathione reductase 2 from Arabidopsis thaliana: insight into the molecular toxicity in agriculture

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the triazine herbicides with widespread usage in agriculture, metribuzin exerted nonnegligible hazardous effects on plants via excessive...     

Impact of regulatory focus on express packaging waste recycling behavior: moderating role of psychological empowerment perception

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To effectively solve environmental pollution and resource waste problems caused by the rapid growth of express packaging waste, government...     

Dissipation and residues of dimethyl disulfide in tomatoes and soil under greenhouse and open field conditions

Abstract

Tomatoes have been widely planted in greenhouses and fields in China. Soil-borne diseases are more harmful to tomatoes than other types of diseases. Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was used as a novel fumigant instead of methyl bromide to control soil-borne diseases. To assess the safety of DMDS for use on tomatoes, its dissipation and terminal residues were investigated at three different locations under greenhouse and open field conditions. The QuEChERS method was simplified using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection and combined with liquid-liquid extraction purification to allow determination of DMDS levels in both the tomatoes and the soil. The average recovery of the method was between 85.3 and 98.6%, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) ranging from to 1.9–10.3%. The dissipation and terminal residues of DMDS in the tomatoes and the soil were analyzed using the method, the results of which showed that the half-life of DMDS ranged from 0.3–6.5 d in the soil at three different locations. The terminal residues of DMDS in the tomatoes and the soil were not detected. This study provided data that the Chinese government can use to support appropriate and safe guidance for the use of DMDS on agriculture.