辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器压降影响的研究

研究了辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器管道压降的影响,搭建了太阳能热泵热水实验测试平台,通过理论计算和实验测试,对比分析了辐照强度对太阳能集热蒸发器中制冷剂质量流量以及管道压降的影响。结果表明,太阳辐照强度越大,制冷剂气体质量流量越大,太阳能集热蒸发器中管道压降也越大。     

细菌降解非离子表面活性剂的研究

从石油污染的土壤中分离到２株能利用非离子表面活性剂ＡＥＯ－９和ＳＡ－２０作为唯一碳源生长的细菌。这２株菌被定名为假单胞杆菌５２（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎｏｓ５２）和Ｗｅｅｋｓｅｌｌａ６．最适于这２株菌利用非离子表活剂ＡＥＯ－９的培养条件是乙酸胺作为氮源,ｐＨ７．３０℃添加少量葡萄糖促进表活性的降解,降解速率的研究表明,当ＡＥＯ－９的初始浓度为５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,５２号菌和６号菌能在２周内将其去除８５％,     

聚乙烯及其废料油化技术中催化剂的研制与性能研究

本文研究了几种自制催化剂对聚乙烯热解产物的催化改质作用,催化反应温度与催化剂性质对催化改质所得气体收率及组成、汽油收率及辛烷值、柴油收率以及催化剂积碳的影响,探讨了适合聚乙烯及其废料热解产物催化改质的催化剂应具备的特性及热解产物在催化剂上反应的类型,同时探讨了本研究对废塑料油化技术的指导作用。应用此催化剂液体收率可达８０％以上,汽油辛烷值为８２（ＲＯＮ）。     

Agricultural non-point sources and their effects on chlorophyll-a in a eutrophic lake over three decades (1985–2020)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Erhai Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in Yunnan Province but suffers from the deterioration of water quality and agricultural non-point...     

关于炼化企业水资源利用的几点思考

通过对我国水资源状况及石化行业水消耗情况分析,找出我国石化企业新鲜水用量,污水排放在绝对量,吨原油、万元产值的单耗,单排等方面与国外相比较存在的差距。指出存在的主要问题是:清污分流不彻底;污污分流不健全;汽提后的净化水回用量小;新鲜水冲洗地面及作为机泵冷却水直排,导致新鲜水的浪费。同时针对以上问题提出相应的建议参考指标及对应措施。     

新型曝气式清洁等离子体技术降解水中的苯酚

苯酚类化合物是一类毒性较强的有机污染物,对生态环境影响较大,研究了近几年新兴的一种等离子体降解水处理技术降解苯酚的效果,比较了接地极曝气式反应器和放电极曝气式反应器,考察了多种因素对曝气式高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中苯酚效果的影响,结果表明:提高脉冲电压峰值和放电频率、减小气体的流量和针板间距等均可提高降解效果.接地极曝气式反应器和放电极曝气式反应器的最佳参数分别为:空气流量旦Q=18 m3·h-1,放电电压±20 kV,放电频率100 Hz,5mm极板间距;空气流量Q=0.032 m3·h-1,放电电压±18 kV,放电频率50 Hz,5mm极板间距.苯酚最高降解率分别能达到68.7%和40.1%.     

Effects of chemical modification on physicochemical properties and adsorption behavior of sludge-based activated carbon

This study aimed to explore the adsorption performance of sludge-based activated carbon (SBC) towards dissolved organic matters (DOMs) removal from sewage, and investigated the modification effect of different types of chemicals on the structure of synthesized SBC. Waste activated sludge (WAS) was used as a carbon source, and HCl, HNO₃, and NaOH were used as different types of chemicals to modify the SBC. With the aid of chemical activation, the modified SBC showed higher adsorption performances on DOMs removal with maximum adsorption of 29.05 mg/g and second-order constant (k) of 0.1367 (L/mol/sec) due to the surface elution of ash and minerals by chemicals. The surface elemental composition of MSBC suggested that the content of C-C and C-O functional groups on the surface of modified sludge-based activated carbon (MSBC) played an important role on the adsorption capacities of MSBC towards DOMs removal in sewage. Additionally, the residual molecular weight of DOMs in sewage was investigated using a 3-dimension fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) and high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC). Results showed that the chemical modification significantly improved the adsorption capacity of MSBC on humic acids (HA) and aromatic proteins (APN), and both of NaOH-MSBC and HCl-MSBC were effective for a wide range of different AMW DOMs removal from sewage, while the HNO₃-MSBC exhibited poorly on AMW organics of 2,617 Da and 409 Da due to the reducing content of macropore. In brief, this study provides reference values for the impact of the chemicals of the activation stage before the SBCs application.     

应用化学清洗剂去除包气带石油污染物的实验研究

本文探讨了应用化学法清除包气带残油的技术，研究分两个方面，（１）分析包气带土壤与第四纪沉积物对石油烃类的吸附特征，（二）在对单种表面活性剂优选的基础上，确定了清洗效率较高的阴离子－非离子表面活性剂的混合配方，通过一次性淋洗和土柱淋洗实验，了解表面活性剂等清洗剂对油类物质的去除效率。     

负载壳聚糖膨润土的制备及其吸附性能的影响

以天然膨润土和壳聚糖为原料,制得一种新型水处理剂——负载壳聚糖膨润土,研究了制备条件对酸性大红印染废水处理效果的影响。实验表明,当壳聚糖的浓度为30 g/L、膨润土质量与壳聚糖溶液体积之比为0.7、浸泡时间80 min、微烘时间15 min时,壳聚糖改性膨润土对酸性大红印染废水的脱色率可达97%。对改性土进行比表面积测定、电镜扫描及X-射线衍射等结构特性分析,证明壳聚糖的引入改变了膨润土在水中的分散状态,增强了其对污染物的吸附和离子交换能力。     

宁波市水旱灾害孕灾环境因子分析

分析了宁波市水旱灾害形成的主要因子,认为水旱灾害是在天气气候因子、地貌因子、水文因子、土壤植被因子、社会经济因子、防洪抗旱能力因子等自然因素和人为因素的共同作用下产生和发展的。水旱灾害的形成,自然条件固然重要,但形成严重灾害,则与人为因素有密切的关系。