Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

船舶区域溢油风险程度甄别的人工神经网络方法

利用误差反向传播 (BP)人工神经网络 ,建立了海域船舶溢油风险程度甄别的评价模型。该模型能够反映出研究海域各区域发生船舶溢油事件的风险等级差别 ,具有一定的客观性和实用性。     

资源型城市接续主导产业的选择研究--以白银市为例

本文论述了资源型城市接续主导产业选择的重要性和选择原则，并以白银市为例，利用综合评价值法广告牌了白银市的主导产业和优势产业，然后用特尔斐法对白银市的接续主导产业进行了选择，选择结果比较符合白银市的实际情况。     

Measurement of air exchange rates in different indoor environments using continuous CO2 sensors

A new air exchange rate (AER) monitoring method using continuous CO₂ sensors was developed and validated through both laboratory experiments and field studies. Controlled laboratory simulation tests were conducted in a 1-m³ environmental chamber at different AERs (0.1-10.0 hr^-1). AERs were determined using the decay method based on box model assumptions. Field tests were conducted in classrooms, dormitories, meeting rooms and apartments during 2-5 weekdays using CO₂ sensors coupled with data loggers. Indoor temperature, relative humidity (RH), and CO₂ concentrations were continuously monitored while outdoor parameters combined with on-site climate conditions were recorded. Statistical results indicated that good laboratory performance was achieved: duplicate precision was within 10%, and the measured AERs were 90%-120% of the real AERs. Average AERs were 1.22, 1.37, 1.10, 1.91 and 0.73 hr^-1 in dormitories, air-conditioned classrooms, classrooms with an air circulation cooling system, reading rooms, and meeting rooms, respectively. In an elderly particulate matter exposure study, all the homes had AER values ranging from 0.29 to 3.46 hr??1 in fall, and 0.12 to 1.39 hr^-1 in winter with a median AER of 1.15.     

辽宁太子河沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价

为全面了解辽宁太子河底泥沉积物中重金属的污染特征,测试了太子河表层沉积物中重金属元素铜、铅、镉和锌的含量,并采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了沉积物中重金属污染及其潜在生态危害程度。结果表明,辽宁太子河底泥沉积物中各种重金属元素的污染程度由强至弱依次为:Cd>Zn≥Cu>Pb;金属污染构成的潜在生态危害由强至弱依次为:Cd>Cu≈Zn>Pb,其中Cd的影响占绝对主导地位。     

北湖流域水质改善系统动力学研究

利用系统动力学擅长研究动态、非线性复杂系统的特点,将其应用于北湖水质改善分析,构建了系统动力学-水质耦合模型,可实现长时间序列的连续模拟和水环境管理的情景分析。文章定量分析了三产比例调整、城镇化率提高与污水集中处理等因素对流域纳污控制及水质改善的影响,推演出可协调经济发展-水环境保护-污水治理资金三方矛盾的合理方案,为类似小城镇的发展提供可借鉴的思路和方法。     

污水处理厂不同工艺的污泥脱水效能分析及其影响因素研究

污泥脱水是污泥减量的主要手段,直接影响到后续污泥处理处置.本研究以北京某大型污水处理厂A2/O工艺和A2/O-MBR工艺污泥脱水为对象,基于2013年全年的运行数据,分析不同工艺的污泥脱水效果、絮凝剂投配率、污泥脱水电耗和污泥脱水成本,并通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了不同污水处理工艺污泥脱水性能的影响因素.结果表明,污泥脱水性能和絮凝剂投配率均呈现季节性变化特征,冬季污泥较难脱水,絮凝剂消耗大.A2/O-MBR工艺的脱水污泥含水率年均值为(81.92±1.64)%,A2/O工艺为(82.56±1.35)%,污泥脱水絮凝剂消耗(以DS计,下同)分别为(8.70±7.25)kg·t-1和(7.42±2.96)kg·t-1,电耗(以DS计,下同)分别为331.82 k W·h·t-1和121.57 k W·h·t-1.A2/O-MBR工艺的污泥脱水絮凝剂成本(以DS计,下同)为204.76元·t-1,用电成本为231.61元·t-1;A2/O工艺的污泥脱水絮凝剂成本为175.00元·t-1,用电成本为84.86元·t-1.RDA分析表明,水温等季节性因素引起污泥有机质变化是影响污泥脱水性能的关键因素之一,此外,污泥龄也与污泥脱水性能有一定相关性.     

活化过硫酸盐对市政污泥调理效果的影响

常规污泥脱水技术只能将市政污泥含水率降到80%左右,难以满足日益严格的污泥处理处置要求.活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基SO4·-具有强氧化性,可用于破坏污泥的絮体结构.本研究利用Fe2+活化过硫酸钠(SPS)的方法进行污泥调理,以到达改善污泥的脱水性能的目的.结果表明,当Fe2+与S2O2-8投加量(以绝干污泥计)分别为25.88 mg·g-1、80 mg·g-1(Fe2+与S2O2-8摩尔比为1.1∶1)时,污泥毛细吸水时间CST和污泥比阻SRF降低率最大,滤液中蛋白质和多糖浓度达到最大.进一步的研究表明,污泥Zeta电位值由负向正变化,颗粒比表面积增大,絮体由密集的团状变成结构松散的层状结构,污泥脱水性能提高.     

小清河表层沉积物重污染区重金属赋存形态及风险评价

测定了小清河表层沉积物重污染区间隙水中重金属(Cu、As、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cd和Ni)的质量浓度,采用改进的BCR顺序提取法分析了沉积物中重金属的赋存形态,并分别基于美国水质基准(CCC、CMC)和风险评价编码法(RAC)、潜在生态风险指数法对间隙水和表层沉积物中重金属的毒性及生态风险进行评价.结果表明,小清河沉积物间隙水中的重金属基本不会对水生态系统产生毒性.除As外,表层沉积物中6种重金属的含量显著高于土壤背景值,呈现明显的累积效应.沉积物中Cu、As和Ni主要赋存于残渣态,Pb、Cr主要赋存于可氧化态和残渣态,Zn、Cd以酸可溶解态和可还原态为主.Cd、Zn、Cr和Pb的有效态含量高于残渣态,有较高的二次释放潜力.RAC的评价结果表明,沉积物中Cu、Pb、Cr和As处于无风险到低风险级,Ni处于低风险到中等风险级,Cd处于中等到高风险级,Zn处于中等到极高风险级,不同重金属RAC的平均值依次为CdZnNiAsCuCrPb.潜在生态风险指数法的评价结果表明,沉积物中除Cd有强~很强生态风险外,其他6种重金属均表现为低生态风险,RI值介于136.83~264.83,研究区采样点处于中等~强生态风险.     

Al-Cu-Mg系铝合金耐环境腐蚀性能研究

目的研究2D12铝合金耐环境腐蚀性能。方法对不同规格的Al-Cu-Mg系2D12铝合金的耐环境腐蚀性能包括晶间腐蚀、剥蚀性能以及抗应力腐蚀性能,按照标准试验方法进行测试、分析、评定试验数据。结果得到了不同规格2D12铝合金晶间腐蚀深度、剥蚀等级、应力腐蚀断裂时间及KISCC等。自然时效状态2D12铝合金具有晶间腐蚀倾向,最大晶间腐蚀深度为0.18 mm。不同规格2D12铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性倾向不同,从P级到EC级。2D12铝合金材料的拉伸应力腐蚀断裂寿命随试验应力的增加而降低,两种薄板(δ=1.5 mm和δ=2.0 mm)和型材(EL2805)临界应力腐蚀门槛值分别为160,140,230 MPa。2D12铝合金在S-L和S-T方向的应力腐蚀开裂门槛应力强度因子分别为22.6 MPa·m1/2和27.1 MPa·m1/2。结论 2D12铝合金抗应力腐蚀测试结果表明,S-L方向比S-T方向的抗应力腐蚀的性能低,其应力腐蚀开裂门槛应力强度因子与C环应力腐蚀结果一致,断口呈现典型的沿晶断裂应力腐蚀脆性断裂特征。