滇池水华蓝藻干粉制剂的生物脱毒实验

滇池属长江流域的一个内陆湖泊，近年来水体富营养化日益严重，每年夏季都出现大面积的水华。由品种单一，主要为蓝藻门，其中微囊藻是优势种，产生的微囊藻毒素具有很强的毒性。本实验以富营养化湖湖滇池中的水华蓝藻作为主要原料，将其制成干粉后，利用双协菌株在28－32℃条件下对其进行固态发酵，培养基质初始水份为65％。发酵培养2d后，培养基质中微囊藻毒素含量明显降低，6d后，基质中微囊藻毒素含量未检出（最低浓度检测限1μg/mg）。同时对实验所获得时间序列进行动力学研究，结果表明利用双协菌降解微囊藻毒毒的反应为准一级动力学反应。     

不可再生资源稀缺性研究的意义、现状与问题

本文为一篇综述性文章。文章扼要论述了研究不可再生资源稀缺性及其测试的意义，回顾并简单总结了不可再生资源稀缺必及稀缺程度测度国内外研究的现状与成果，最后展望了作者认为尚待进一步完善与研究的具体问题。     

水质监测中常见技术问题与对策

为确保水质监测工作的有效开展,指出了水质监测中存在的问题,包括样品采集、实验室环节、测试环节、仪器和试剂、数据处理、人员专业能力等方面,并提出了改进措施:重视样品采集,积极完成实验室准备工作,有效对样品展开分析,加强数据处理,加强对水质监测人员的培训.展望了水质监测的发展趋势,应与信息管理技术相结合,对数据进行综合性分...     

西天山科其喀尔冰川消融径流的水化学分析

为了研究西天山科其喀尔冰川融水径流的基本化学特征,2003-06～2003-09在研究区取样(冰面径流、冰面湖水、河水及大气降水),结果表明:①本区各类水体都呈碱性,pH值大小顺序为:河水>冰面径流>冰面湖水>大气降水>7.②各类样品总离子浓度的顺序为:河水>大气降水>冰面湖水>冰面径流.冰面径流中的各项离子浓度均低于其它3类样品的相应值,平均仅是河水的24%;阴、阳离子分别以SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺为最大.③由于降水过程中有物理变化和化学反应的作用,不同降水形式中降雨的各项离子浓度(NO₃^-除外)均比冰雹和雪中的相应离子浓度大;④对不同海拔高度水样分析表明,各项离子浓度“高程效应”十分明显,3 900m以上区域,冰面径流中各阳离子浓度逐渐向冰川冰中各相应离子浓度逼近.     

废弃放射源处理措施探讨

随着石油化工企业应用放射源数量的不断增多,放射源的安全管理已经成为石化企业安全管理工作的重要组成部分,尤其是废弃、闲置的放射源,存放不当或保存时间过久很容易丢失.对此,国家和中国石化集团公司高度重视,陆续颁布了一系列新的法规、规定.如国务院新修订的<放射性同位素与射线装置安全和防护条例>从2005年12月1日起实施,中国石化集团公司安全环保局也于2004年新修订了<放射防护管理规定>,并实行射线作业票制度.在中国石化集团公司历年安全大检查中,加大了对放射源的安全检查力度,放射源安全检查成为每次安全检查的必检内容.     

锅炉监控仪表的改进与实践

在原有"锅炉高低水位报警器"的基础上,研制出锅炉智能监控仪表.该仪表系统实现了自动操作、失误防护、报警及连锁保护等功能,对锅炉各类事故有积极的预防作用.     

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water

Ionic liquid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (IL-SPMDs) were developed to monitor the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water. Uptake kinetics of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene by layflat low-density polyethylene tubing (15 cm x 2 cm) filled with 0.5 ml 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid were studied in a laboratory continuous-flow system for the duration of 16 days. The device concentration factors were in the range of 830-7800 for the studied PAHs. The kinetic parameters of IL/water partition coefficients, analytes uptake rate constants and sampling rates were estimated using mathematical models. These parameters were used in the field experiment to estimate the concentrations of the PAHs in Lanzhou section of Yellow River in China, with the result in comparison with that obtained by triolein-SPMD.     

应用重组孕激素基因酵母测定饮用水中内分泌干扰物的方法

研究了用重组孕激素受体基因酵母测定饮用水中内分泌干扰物的方法,并利用该种方法检测了南方某水厂不同处理工艺过程水样对孕激素受体活性的抑制水平.结果表明,重组孕激素受体基因酵母能够与孕激素专一性的结合,诱导产生明显的剂量-效应关系,EC₅₀值为0.5 nmol/L,具有较高灵敏度;环境内分泌干扰物五氯酚和壬基酚具有孕激素受体抑制活性,其IC₅₀值分别为2.4μmol/L和3.7μmol/L;重组孕激素受体基因/报道基因的酵母技术是一种筛选和定量分析具有孕激素受体抑制活性的内分泌干扰物的快速、有效方法.结合固相萃取的前处理技术,重组孕激素受体基因酵母对水厂不同处理工艺水样检测出明显的孕激素受体抑制活性,抑制率均大于58%,表明重组孕激素受体基因酵母检测技术能够快速监测和鉴别水样中具有抑制孕激素受体活性的物质.     

Distribution and dissipation pathways of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in the Yellow River: Site investigation and lab-scale studies

Spatial distribution of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) and nonylphenol (NP) was investigated in a field study in Lanzhou Reach of the Yellow River. NPEOs and their metabolites were found in the river, with the maximum dissolved concentrations of 6.38 nmol/L for NPEOs, 0.19 nmol/L for nonylphenol ethoxy acetic acids (NPECs) and 0.79 nmol/L for NP, respectively. The maximum concentrations in the sediment and suspended particle samples were 1.50 and 5.09 nmol/g for NPEOs and NP, respectively. The effects of particles, light and microorganism on the dissipation of NPEOs in the river water were investigated based on lab-scale experiments. When natural particles were removed, 72% and 22% degradation of NPEOs were achieved at 120 h in non-sterile and sterile conditions with light, respectively. Different concentrations of NPECs were also observed in these experiments. When suspended particle matters (SPMs) were present, about 38-50% of NPEOs were sorbed to the particulate phase in only 1 h. As a result, the degradation of NPEOs and production of NPECs were inhibited. However, the combined sorption and degradation in the presence of SPMs resulted in lower dissolved NPEO concentrations than those in the absence of SPMs. Biodegradation was the most important pathway for NPEOs degradation in the river water, while NPECs seemed to be produced through both biological and abiological pathways.     

CTMAB改性蛭石对水体中对硝基苯酚的吸附研究

为提高蛭石的层间距和对有机物的吸附能力,采用阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)对蛭石进行改性,并研究了其对水中对硝基苯酚的去除效果.结果显示,改性蛭石对溶液中的对硝基苯酚吸附能力明显强于原蛭石;改性蛭石对溶液中的对硝基苯酚的吸附过程在30min左右就基本达到平衡;碱性条件有利于改性蛭石吸附去除对硝基苯酚....