重庆华蓥山山脉菝葜属药用植物资源调查

经调查鉴定,重庆华蓥山山脉有菝葜属药用植物7种,其中菝葜、小叶菝葜、光叶菝葜分布最广.重点介绍了它们的医疗用途、地理分布、资源状况及其开发前景,为更好地开发利用华蓥山山脉菝葜属药用植物资源提供科学依据.     

垃圾焚烧炉干法尾气净化处理系统的应用研究

介绍了目前国内垃圾处理情况和有关规定及垃圾焚烧炉干法尾气净化处理的原理、工艺流程及系统构成,并从工艺流程、工艺原理、运行和控制、维护保养、运行成本等方面对垃圾焚烧炉干法尾气净化处理系统和半干法尾气净化处理系统进行了比较.     

河北省钢铁工业主要大气污染物减排潜力分析

通过对河北省钢铁工业存在问题的分析,得出我省钢铁行业主要大气污染物为二氧化硫和粉尘.结合我省钢铁企业的实际情况,从工程技术、政策管理等方面提出相应治理措施,并对"十一五"期间我省钢铁行业二氧化硫和粉尘减排效益进行预测.预测结果显示:采用所建议的减排措施后,我省钢铁工业二氧化硫减排量对全省"十一五"减排计划的贡献率为81.4%;粉尘可减排60%.     

家居室内设计及新进展的思考

在对传统室内设计基本观点阐述与理解的基础上分析其整体性、可持续发展,并着重探讨在物质文明和精神文明高度发展的今天,现代室内设计在个性化、自然性、现代性、艺术性等方面发展的新趋势.通过对现代室内设计特点和发展趋势的分析,创造出一个适合人们现代生活的理想空间.     

固相微萃取(SPME)技术在水质监测中的应用

固相微萃取技术(SPME)作为一种样品前处理技术,具有方便、快捷、不使用有机溶剂、灵敏度高、价格低廉等优点,已被广泛地应用于环境样品的分析.本文综合评述了采用SPME法预处理环境水体中的有机物、无机离子等污染物的监测情况,并对SPME法在环境水质监测中的应用以及对国外的研究进展进行了展望.     

Estimating Forest Ecosystem Evapotranspiration at Multiple Temporal Scales With a Dimension Analysis Approach1

Abstract:  It is critical that evapotranspiration (ET) be quantified accurately so that scientists can evaluate the effects of land management and global change on water availability, streamflow, nutrient and sediment loading, and ecosystem productivity in watersheds. The objective of this study was to derive a new semi‐empirical ET modeled using a dimension analysis method that could be used to estimate forest ET effectively at multiple temporal scales. The model developed describes ET as a function of water availability for evaporation and transpiration, potential ET demand, air humidity, and land surface characteristics. The model was tested with long‐term hydrometeorological data from five research sites with distinct forest hydrology in the United States and China. Averaged simulation error for daily ET was within 0.5 mm/day. The annual ET at each of the five study sites were within 7% of measured values. Results suggest that the model can accurately capture the temporal dynamics of ET in forest ecosystems at daily, monthly, and annual scales. The model is climate‐driven and is sensitive to topography and vegetation characteristics and thus has potential to be used to examine the compounding hydrologic responses to land cover and climate changes at multiple temporal scales.     

Anaerobic degradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in sludge

Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period.     

Effect of manganese ion on the mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenol by ozone

Mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) was studied by ozone with Mn(2+) as an ozonation catalyst. Laboratory scale semi-batch ozonation experiments were conducted at room temperature. The results showed that trace amount of Mn(2+) accelerated the mineralization of DCP. Total organic carbon removal rate was independent on Mn(2+) dosage at its range of 0.1-0.5 mgL(-1). Dissolved ozone concentration in the solution remained low level in the catalytic ozonation process, which indicated that Mn(2+) catalyzed decomposition of ozone. DCP mineralization was inhibited in catalytic ozonation by the addition of carbonate. Electron spin resonance/spin-trapping technique was used to determine hydroxyl radicals, and the results showed that larger amounts of hydroxyl radicals were produced in catalytic ozonation system than those of single ozonation. Intermediates mainly including aliphatic carboxylic acids were determined qualitatively and semi-quantitatively by GC-MS. And, a general pathway for mineralization of DCP was proposed.     

Seasonal effect on N2O formation in nitrification in constructed wetlands

Constructed wetlands are considered to be important sources of nitrous oxide (N(2)O). In order to investigate the contribution of nitrification in N(2)O formation, some environmental factors, plant species and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in active layers have been compared. Vegetation cells indicated remarkable effect of seasons and different plant species on N(2)O emission and AOB amount. Nitrous oxide data showed large temporal and spatial fluctuations ranging 0-52.8 mg N(2)O m(-2)d(-1). Higher AOB amount and N(2)O flux rate were observed in the Zizania latifolia cell, reflecting high potential of global warming. Roles of plants as ecosystem engineers are summarized with rhizosphere oxygen release and organic matter transportation to affect nitrogen transformation. The Phragmites australis cell contributed to keeping high T-N removal performance and lower N(2)O emission. The distribution of AOB also supported this result. Statistical analysis showed several environmental parameters affecting the strength of observed greenhouse gases emission, such as water temperature, water level, TOC, plant species and plant cover.     

Global fallout Pu recorded in lacustrine sediments in Lake Hongfeng, SW China

Studies on the distribution and isotope compositions of fallout Pu are important for source characterization of possible future non-fallout Pu contamination in aquatic environments, and useful for dating of recent sediments to understand the pollution history of environmental contaminants. We present the historical record of atmospheric Pu fallout reconstructed from a sediment core from Lake Hongfeng, China. The Pu activity profile was in agreement with the 137Cs profile. Inventories were 50.7 Bq m(-2) for 239+240Pu and 1586 Bq m(-2) for 137Cs. The average 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio was 0.185+/-0.009, indicating that Pu originated from global stratospheric fallout rather than from direct tropospheric or close-in fallout from the Chinese nuclear testing conducted in the 1970s. Our data suggested that Lake Hongfeng would be an ideal setting for monitoring atmospheric fallout and environmental changes in this region.