海南岛半干旱区农用地土壤重金属富集因素、健康风险及来源识别

为了解海南岛半干旱区农业土壤中重金属富集因素和污染状况,在感城镇采集1818件表层土壤样品,测定其重金属含量和化学组成.采用相关分析、地累积指数（I_geo）、综合生态风险指数（RI）、危害指数（HI）、致癌风险指数（CR）和正定矩阵因子分析（PMF）开展重金属风险评价和来源识别.结果显示,重金属ω（As）、ω（Cd）、ω（Cr）、ω（Cu）、ω（Hg）、ω（Ni）、ω（Pb）和ω（Zn）的平均值分别为22.7、0.128、33.4、14.5、0.032、9.32、32.5和43.3 mg ·kg^-1,除Zn外,均高于海南岛土壤背景值.相关分析表明,重金属富集与土壤中Fe、Mn、Al和有机质含量密切相关.I_geo结果表明,研究区农业土壤主要受到As的污染,其次为Cd和Cu;RI结果显示,高风险以上的样品占比为29.4%,其中As是潜在生态风险的主要贡献者;健康风险评估结果显示,As、Cr和Ni对儿童存在致癌风险,需要引起注意.基于PMF模型,确定了研究区重金属的4种主要来源,其中Hg主要来自工业排放;As主要来自农业活动;Ni、Cu、Cr和Zn主要来自与成土母质密切相关的自然来源;Pb和Cd主要来自农业活动和机动车尾气的混合源.研究表明PMF模型与相关分析相结合,能够有效识别土壤重金属来源.     

生态城市评价指标体系构建及实证研究

构建了针对秦皇岛市的生态城市评价指标体系,采用多指标综合评价法,对2011年秦皇岛市城市生态化程度进行了评价。结果表明:秦皇岛市城市生态化综合指数为0.687,生态化程度为2级水平,经济持续发展子系统和资源能源节约子系统较为薄弱。根据评价结果,提出了大力发展循环经济、加强水污染治理、提高资源能源利用效率、加大生态建设力度等建议。     

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.     

污泥基活性炭的制备、表征及其应用

以城市生活污水厂脱水车间污泥为原料,采用化学活化法(ZnCl2为活化剂)在活化剂浓度为45%、活化温度为600℃、浸渍温度为45℃、活化时间为50min条件下制备污泥基活性炭。对污泥基活性炭进行了孔结构、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、XRD等表征分析。结果表明:该条件下制备出的污泥基活性炭碘吸附值为427.51mg/g,比表面积为329.48m2/g,大孔、中孔、微孔容积分别为0.19,0.12,0.15cm3/g。平均孔径为3.953nm。将其应用于生活污水处理,考察了污泥基活性炭投加量、pH、吸附时间对其吸附性能的影响。     

Fenton氧化对污泥脱水性能和溶解性物质作用效果的研究

研究了Fenton氧化技术在改善污泥脱水性能方面的效果,以污泥比阻和毛细吸水时间来表征污泥的脱水性能,探讨了体系的pH和反应时间对污泥脱水性能的影响以及Fenton氧化对污泥溶解性物质(SCOD+多聚糖+蛋白质)含量的影响研究表明,Fenton氧化能够明显改善污泥的脱水性能。在体系的pH=3时,反应1h后,Fenton氧化处理后污泥的CST从处理前的130.9s减少到19.7s,降幅85%;污泥SRF从处理前的3.58×108 s2/g降低到1.05×107 s2/g,降幅97%。同体系处理污泥SCOD、上清液中多聚糖和蛋白质的含量分别增加了3.7倍、2.6倍和1.5倍。     

哈尔滨市区区域环境噪声分析

随着人们环境保护意识的增强和对环境质量要求的提高,声环境质量已成为影响城市人民生活的一个重要污染指标,城市的不断发展,使噪声污染越来越成为人们日益关注的环境问题之一。采用定点测量方法和噪声分析仪进行监测,对哈尔滨市区区域环境噪声的监测结果进行了分析,监测结果表明:生活在低分贝值区域的人口逐渐增多,哈尔滨市环境状况有所好转。     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from different soil fractions by persulfate oxidation

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different soil fractions of contaminated soil was investigated by using activated persulfate oxidation remediation in our research. The results showed that the light fraction, which accounted for only 10% of the soil, contained 30% of the PAHs at a concentration of 4352?mg/kg. The heavy fraction contained more high-molecular-weight PAHs, and the total PAH concentration was 625?mg/kg. After being oxidized, the removal rate of PAHs was 39% in the light fraction and nearly 90% in the heavy fraction. Among the different fractions of the heavy fraction, humic acid contained the highest concentration of PAHs, and consequently, the highest removal efficiency of PAHs was also in humic acid. Compared with the light fraction, the heavy fraction has more aromatic compounds and those compounds were broken down during the oxidation process, which may be the removal mechanism involved in the oxidation of high-ring PAHs. Similarly, the enhancement of C = C bonds after oxidation can also explain the poor removal of high-ring PAHs in the light fraction. These results imply that different fractions of soil vary in composition and structure, leading to differences in the distribution and oxidation efficiencies of PAHs.     

城市生态安全评价及部分城市生态安全态势比较

以我国35个大中城市生态环境系统为研究对象,选取资源环境压力、环境状态和人文环境响应3个亚系统的23个指标,通过数据标准化处理、指标权重确定和生态安全评价指数模型构建,测算城市生态安全水平;再选取不同生态安全等级的福州、深圳等9城市,分析环境压力、状态和响应3项目对我国城市生态安全影响大小.结果表明,3项目的权重分配差异不大,反映这3个方面对城市生态安全的重要程度相似.按评价指数大小排序结果显示,福州、深圳两城市生态环境的安全态势居所有城市之首;有7个城市生态环境达到安全等级;其余26城市为生态临界安全或不安全状态.我国城市环境状态对于决定城市生态环境安全程度具有重要的作用.各城市压力指数值差异不大,人文环境响应指标值相对较低,反映我国城市环境压力、状态和响应指标对城市生态环境安全贡献的差异,其中人文环境响应项目的贡献最小.     

Effect of nonylphenol on steroidogenesis of rat Leydig cells

Nonylphenol is the primary final biodegradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPE), a non-ionic surfactant that is frequently incorporated into pesticide and detergent formulation. Recent researchers have hypothesized that environmental/ occupational exposure to nonylphenol poses adverse effects on reproductive system of humans and wildlife species. During our study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to examine the effect of nonylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis of rat Leydig cells. In experiment in vivo, serum testosterone (T) as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were detected after animals had been treated with different doses (0 mg/kg/day, 125 mg/kg/day, and 250 mg/kg/day) of nonylphenol for 50 days by gavage, and the final result revealed that testosterone level dramatically declined at the dose of 250 mg/kg/day, while LH level ascended at the dose of 125 mg/kg/day and 250 mg/kg/day. In experiment in vitro, primary cultured Leydig cells were exposed to nonylphenol for 48 h, including low concentrations (0 mg/L, 0.0011 mg/L, 0.0033 mg/L, 0.0055 mg/L, 0.011 mg/L, 0.022 mg/L) and higher concentrations (0.11 mg/L, 0.55 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 1.65 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 2.75 mg/L, 3.3 mg/L, 5.5 mg/L). Increase of testosterone levels was observed at low concentrations of nonylphenol while reduction was detected at higher concentrations.