Current status of applying microwave-associated catalysis for the degradation of organics in aqueous phase – A review

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染料中铅的测定

硝酸和双氧水进行消解 ,用石墨炉原子吸收光度法测定染料中的铅。     

钙基膨润土钠化改型的影响因素探讨

在自然界,钙基膨润土的资源量大,钠基膨润土的资源量小。前者物化性能和使用效果差,一般均须用人工钠化改型来提高其物化性能和使用效果。研究认为,钠化效果受膨润土自身质量、钠化改型剂、钠化改型剂添加量、钠化时间和钠化工艺等诸多因素影响。     

Carbon reduction potential and cost evaluation of different mitigation approaches in China's coal to olefin Industry

Coal-based olefin (CTO) industry as a complement of traditional petrochemical industry plays vital role in China's national economic development. However, high CO₂ emission in CTO industry is one of the fatal problems to hinder its development. In this work, the carbon emission and mitigation potentials by different reduction pathways are evaluated. The economic cost is analyzed and compared as well. According to the industry development plan, the carbon emissions from China's CTO industry will attain 189.43 million ton CO₂ (MtCO₂) and 314.11 MtCO₂ in 2020 and 2030, respectively. With the advanced technology level, the maximal carbon mitigation potential could be attained to 15.3% and 21.9% in 2020 and 2030. If the other optional mitigation ways are combined together, the carbon emission could further reduce to some extent. In general, the order of mitigation potential is followed as: feedstock alteration by natural gas > CO₂ hydrogenation with renewable electricity applied > CCS technology. The mitigation cost analysis indicates that on the basis of 2015 situation, the economic penalty for feedstock alteration is the lowest, ranged between 186 and 451 CNY/tCO₂, and the cost from CCS technology is ranged between 404 and 562 CNY/tCO₂, which is acceptable if the CO₂ enhanced oil recovery and carbon tax are considered. However, for the CO₂ hydrogenation technology, the cost is extremely high and there is almost no application possibility at present.     

Embedded reservoir and constructed wetland for drinking water source protection: Effects on nutrient removal and phytoplankton succession

An embedded reservoir that provides an efficient nutrient removal system protects drinking water.However,embedded reservoirs are rarely used in eutrophic shallow lakes because of their undetermined nutrient retention efficiency and unknown effects by the phytoplankton community.In this study,we aim to investigate the nutrient retention and algae succession in an embedded reservoir and adjacent wetland from April 2017 to September 2018 in the eastern part of Lake Taihu,China.More than 40% of total phosphorus(TP) and 45% of particulate phosphorous entering the reservoir were retained semiannually,and the highest TP removal efficiency was achieved in the reservoir during autumn with an average value of 53.3% ± 9.9%.The overall nitrogen retention efficiency(21.7% ± 37.8%) was lower than that of TP(41.8% ± 27.8%).Similar trends were obtained in the wetland area.An important pathway for phosphorus removal is through particulate matter retention.Our study revealed that nutrient retention mechanisms in the reservoir were primarily via macrophyte absorption,particulate substance sedimentation,and prolonged water residence time.Consequently,the phytoplankton biomass(Chl-a) in the reservoir decreased(from 48.0 to 25.2 μg/L) and water transparency improved,due to the decreased P level and transformation of the phytoplankton group into simple structures with good ecological status.Therefore,the combination of embedded reservoir and constructed wetland ecosystem can be used successfully to protect surface water.The results will be advantageous to groups seeking to preserve drinking water sources.     

机械装备涂装行业有机固废处理处置研究进展

机械制造业是我国的支柱性产业,在21世纪以来得到迅速发展。但由于机械装备在涂装过程中会产生大量废水、废气和固体废弃物及其附加污染物,因此机械制造业涂装污染物治理一直是行业环境治理工作的重点。主要介绍了机械制造业涂装过程中固体废弃物处理处置技术及其研究进展,认为涂装有机固废资源化利用和无害化处理是今后研究的重点,采用循环经济的发展模式可有效缓解我国资源短缺和环境污染所面临的巨大压力,从而有助于我国社会的可持续化发展总体目标顺利实现。     

利用GC/MS代谢组学技术检测纳米TiO2对多头绒泡菌代谢途径的扰动作用

纳米TiO_2(n TiO_2)具有广泛的应用价值.但n TiO_2在阳光或紫外线下具有很强的氧化作用,可对细胞产生强烈的毒害作用,因此其对生态环境的可能破坏作用值得关注.有关n TiO_2在暗环境中对生物的毒性作用报道还不多,还不能全面揭示n TiO_2的毒性作用机理.代谢组学分析是发现代谢差异、识别被干扰的代谢途径、了解n TiO_2毒性作用机理、评估n TiO_2细胞毒性的重要手段.本文采用GC/MS(气相色谱/质谱)技术检测了n TiO_2在暗环境下对多头绒泡菌原质团(单细胞)代谢组的影响,根据多变量识别模式分析发现了60余个被n TiO_2显著干扰的代谢物.这些代谢物涉及糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、核苷酸代谢、多胺生物合成、次生代谢途径等,为全面了解n TiO_2对细胞的毒性作用机理提供了有益补充.     

Highly time-resolved aerosol characteristics during springtime in Weizhou Island

A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to measure the changes of single particle species and sizes during March 2015 in Weizhou Island of the Beibu Gulf, Guangxi province, South China. In this campaign, a total of 3,100,597 particles were sized, and 25.8%particles with both positive and negative mass spectrum were collected and 24.8%characterized in combination with the ART-2 a neural network algorithm. The distribution of sized particles was mainly in from 520 to 600 nm, and the diameters ranging from 340 to1000 nm accounted for above 90%. Eight types of particles were classified: Elemental Carbon containing(EC), Organic Carbon containing(OC), EC and OC combined containing particles,Na containing particles, K containing particles(K), Levoglucosan containing particles,mineral containing particles, and Heavy Metal containing particles(HM). EC, OC and K were the major containing particles, which accounted for 84.3% in the eight types particles. The relative ratio and size distribution of the three types were EC(48.1%, 620 nm), OC(12.7%,440 nm), and K(23.5%, 600 nm), respectively. The three types of particles were a bit increasing ratios compared with those in clean periods during haze pollution periods.Combined with the back-trajectory results from the Hysplit-4 model and local pollution sources revealed that the ambient air quality on the Weizhou Island may be influenced by biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula(biomass burning in the Indochina Peninsula)from the transportation on higher level atmospheric layer and by mainland of south China located northeast of Weizhou Island on the ground.     

美国校园安全管理探析与启示

美国是世界上最早探索如何有效保障校园安全的国家之一。本文以美国校园安全为研究对象,分别从校园安全治理组织框架、法律法规体系、安全管理模式、巩固提升与持续改进4个方面进行分析,较为系统、深入地对美国校园安全管理现状进行了剖析。依据美国校园安全管理经验,结合我国校园安全管理实际情况,提出对我国校园安全管理的一些启示。