事故类型因子对人群聚集风险影响的综合度量

公共场所事故以人群聚集为条件,人群风险的控制和减缓不同于一般工业危险源风险,不确定性和随机性大,风险触发因子较多,难以控制.将人群聚集风险影响因子归结为心理扰动因素和物理扰动因素两大类,并用综合扰动强度表示两者之和.通过对公共场所内火灾、爆炸、中毒、结构失效以及人群拥挤踩踏5类事故统计资料的分析表明,5个影响因子满足林德伯格条件,依据中心极限定理,综合扰动强度可以近似用1个正态分布加以描述.以火灾事故发生的研究作为基础,推广到其余4个因子,通过李雅普诺夫定理得出公共场所中综合扰动强度的概率密度函数,并通过傅立叶级数将其表征为多个余弦函数的线性组合,并根据统计资料进行了实例分析.最终该方法可以通过某一类型公共场所的事故发生次数,得到统计平均意义下,该场所周边环境存在的各种扰动因素对聚集人群影响的大小.     

压缩天然气汽车加气站火灾危险分析与预防

介绍了压缩天然气汽车加气站工作原理及类型,分析了加气站的火灾危险性,提出了防止火灾、爆炸事故发生的安全措施.     

Pd/TiO2-SnO2催化还原硝酸盐效能及反应调控

采用共沉淀法制备了掺杂TiO2的复合载体TiO2-SnO2;浸渍法制备了单金属负载型催化剂Pd/TiO2-SnO2.用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、比表面仪（BET）和透射电镜（TEM）表征表明Pd和TiO2在SnO2上成单层或亚单层分散,增加了反应活性位.催化剂分散性良好,比表面积为100.8m....     

火电厂SO_2污染治理设施运行率的确定方法研究

从分析我国火电行业脱硫现状入手,指出如何确定火电企业脱硫设施的运行率已成为二氧化硫总量核查的重点,但尚有较大的难度。主要为二氧化硫核查提供一种简捷、合理的测算脱硫设施运行率的方法。     

Biosorption of cesium（Ⅰ） from aqueous solution by a novel exopolymers secreted from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2： Equilibrium and kinetic studies

The biosorption characteristics of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution using exopolymers (PFC02) produced from Pseudomonas fluorescens C-2 were investigated as a function of pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration. pH played a major role in the adsorption process, and the optimum pH for the removal of Cs(I) was 8.0. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were applied to describe the biosorption isotherm of the Cs(I) ions by PFC02. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models were used to test the kinetic data. Langmuir model and D-R model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The monolayer adsorption capacities of PFC02 as obtained from Langmuir isotherm at 25°C was found to be 32.63 mg/g. From the D-R isotherm model, the mean free energy was calculated as 26.73 kJ/mol, indicating that the biosorption of cesium was chemisorption. The biosorption process was rapid, and the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo second-order model, which indicated the biosorption process operated through chemisorption mechanism. FT-IR analysis of PFC02 showed the possible functional groups responsible for cesium adsorption were hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and sulphonate groups. SEM analysis showed the porous structure of the material while EDX analysis confirmed the adsorption of Cs(I) on PFC02. Cesium adsorbed onto the PFC02 could be desorbed efficiently using 1 mol/L HNO3, and the enrichment factor was 50.0. Furthermore, PFC02 could be reused five times with only about 8.25% regeneration loss. The developed method was successfully utilized for the removal of Cs(I) ions from aqueous solution.     

Moisture distribution in sludges based on di erent testing methods

Moisture distributions in municipal sewage sludge, printing and dyeing sludge and paper mill sludge were experimentally studied based on four di erent methods, i.e., drying test, thermogravimetric-di erential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) test, thermogravimetricdi erential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) test and water activity test. The results indicated that the moistures in the mechanically dewatered sludges were interstitial water, surface water and bound water. The interstitial water accounted for more than 50% wet basis (wb) of the total moisture content. The bond strength of sludge moisture increased with decreasing moisture content, especially when the moisture content was lower than 50% wb. Furthermore, the comparison among the four di erent testing methods was presented. The drying test was advantaged by its ability to quantify free water, interstitial water, surface water and bound water; while TG-DSC test, TG-DTA test and water activity test were capable of determining the bond strength of moisture in sludge. It was found that the results from TG-DSC and TG-DTA test are more persuasive than water activity test.     

塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性分析

文章从塔河县环境监测站现状出发,分析了塔河县环境监测能力建设的必要性和可行性。最后提出了塔河县环境监测站建设标准。     

马关县三岔河砷污染特征的研究

该研究通过对三岔河两支流水样、底质进行采样分析,探讨了河流水质、底质中砷污染特征及其相互关系。结果表明,两支流水质砷浓度远超地表水环境质量标准Ⅴ类,且花石头河远高于天生桥河,前者是后者的6倍,其差异性达到显著性水平。花石头河水质砷浓度是丰水期高于平水期;天生桥河砷浓度是丰水期低于平水期。两支流水质砷浓度丰水期波动大,平水期则趋于平稳。在丰水期的前期,两支流底质砷的浓度最高,然后逐渐降低,到丰水期的后期河流底质砷浓度接近于平水期底质砷的浓度。研究还表明,花石头河底质砷对水质中砷有显著性正相关关系;而天生桥河,底质砷浓度对水质砷浓度呈显著性负相关关系。     

运用水质指数法评价厦门石兜—坂头水库水质

石兜—坂头水库是厦门市的重要饮用水水源地,其水质的好坏直接影响供水安全保障。根据2007年11月-2011年10月的水质监测数据,参照GB 3838-2002Ⅱ类水质标准,将27项水质监测指标分为3类,计算历年丰、平、枯水期水质综合指数(WQI),评价水质状况。结果表明:①难处理的毒性污染指标的WQI值小于10,远未危及水质安全;②易净化的污染指标中高锰酸盐指数、五日生化需氧量、大肠杆菌等在个别时段超标;③影响水质的最主要指标是总磷和总氮,单项指数常年保持在40以上,并曾一度接近80,达到Ⅳ类水质标准,水体受到一定的氮、磷污染。④4年来,水质变化处于相对比较稳定的状态,丰、平、枯水期水质变化不甚明显,最大WQI为33.3,水质评价为优良,是合格的供水水源地。就污染物成因及该水源地保护措施进行了探讨。     

高速公路清洁生产指标体系的构建

目前中国高速公路建设没有相应的清洁生产标准,因而高速公路建设缺乏有效的管理。根据高速公路的建设特点和清洁生产的要求,从"全过程管理"、"污染预防"、"环境影响最小化"的角度构建高速公路清洁生产指标体系,同时对指标进行了初步分析,以期减少高速公路的建设对环境的影响,从而实现"两型社会"的目标。