我国环境保护投资与经济发展及COD排放关联研究

近些年来,我国环保投资一直保持较快增长,但变化波动较大,缺乏长期、稳定的资金来源渠道,尚未形成与经济发展之间稳定的联动机制.从总量上看,尽管环保投资与固定资产投资存在长期均衡关系,但是从增量上看,环保投资并非固定资产投资优先领域.环保投资对COD排放量存在一定影响,但由于投资结构的不合理,环境效益难以有效发挥.主要体现在:一定比重的城市环境基础设施投资与环境治理关系不密切;工业污染源治理投资规模一直偏低,难以发挥规模效应;建设项目“三同时”环保投资环境效益的实现存在较明显的时滞性.本研究基于以上分析,提出构建环保投资增长与经济发展的内生增长机制、优化环保投资结构、规划编制与实施应统筹考虑环境效益滞后因素等政策建议.     

天池山边坡滑坡机理分析与治理

很多地方边坡滑坡的产生,除人为因素外还与其地层岩性物理的力学参数有很大关系。本文通过对南宁天池山滑坡整治这一典型例子,针对岩土物理力学特征中的孔隙比变化分析了其滑坡的形成机理,进而给出了滑坡整治措施。此例再次证明整治滑坡不仅要从宏观分析滑坡机理,同时也应该认识到从微观分析岩层物理力学特征的重要性。     

Influence of chlorine on methane oxidation

Experiments on CH4/Cl2/O2/N2 oxidation were conducted in an atmospheric pressure flow reactor to understand the influence of chlorine on hydrocarbon oxidation in hazardous waste incineration. The reaction temperature varied from 973 to 1273 K and the chlorine to hydrogen mole ratio (Cl/H) of the inlet mixture varied from 0 to 0.44. The species produced in the reaction were measured online with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the destruction and removal e ciency of CH4 increased with Cl/H mole ratio. Increasing Cl/H favored COCl2 and CO formation and inhibited the CO oxidation process. As Cl/H approached 0.44, the concentrations of CH2Cl2 and CH3Cl first increased, and then declined. Reaction temperature greatly a ected the reaction system. Increasing temperatures raised the destruction removal e ciency of CH4 and decreased the concentrations of CH3Cl and CH2Cl2. With a certain ratio of Cl/H, the concentrations of CO and COCl2 first increased and then declined. The CO and COCl2 concentration peak was observed around 1100 K and 1023 K, respectively. When the reaction temperature exceeded 1273 K, carbon in CH4 was mostly converted to CO2. It could be concluded that the presence of chlorine enhanced the destruction of CH4, but resulted in the more toxic incomplete combustion products emission such as COCl2 when the reaction temperature was not high enough.     

收获后不同小麦品种土壤硝态氮残留量的差异研究

研究不同小麦品种收获后土壤中硝态氮残留量的差异，及其影响因素，对１２个冬小麦品种的研究证明，在低氮和高氮两个施氮处理中，硝态氮残留量均表现明显的品种间差异。     

水污染的防治对策及控制优化规划研究

水是人类生活和生产必不可少的资源,可是随着经济的快速发展,水污染问题也日益显露出来。水污染的治理与控制优化规划已成为当今环境治理领域重要的研究课题。本文主要阐述了水污染的原因,类型分析,危害,防治对策及其控制优化规划,并对以后的水污染治理进行了展望。     

渔塘坝微地域中玉米硒的分布及其与土壤硒的关系

在渔塘坝０．０１ｋｍ＾２的微域内,玉米硒含量达到较高水平,其根,茎,叶,籽中的平均硒含量分别是４．３６±３．２７ｍｇ／ｋｇ,３．０８±２．２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,９．７４±７．６２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和８．０７±５．０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。渔塘坝中玉米硒分布类似土壤分布,也可分出相对低,中、高硒的分布区。     

常州酸焦油的无害化焚烧处理方法探索

以一种典型的液态危险废弃物--常州酸焦油为研究对象,添加一定比例的电石渣混合以后,通过管式炉不同工况下的焚烧实验来研究烟气中污染物的排放特性.实验结果表明,二氧化硫的排放受焚烧温度影响很大,700℃以下未能检测到有SO2析出,800℃以上硫转化率曲线呈快速上升趋势,900℃时物料中约1/5的硫转化为气态,至1000%时,有一半的硫转化为气态.同时,增大空气流量会对SO2排放产生一定的正面影响.     

Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure

It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution. A metal hyperaccumulator, Brassica juncea, and a common plant, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows: actinomycetes>bacteria>fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at high levels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil.     

基于地区生态足迹差异的生态适度人口研究

以生态足迹理论为基础,对2006年我国生态足迹进行了计算,在此基础上对我国各省区以及东、中、西三大地带生态适度人口进行了研究.结果表明:第一,2006年我国共有25个省份出现生态赤字,最大赤字省份为卜海,达到1.93.各地区人均生态足迹由东向西逐渐递减,生态承载力由东向西逐渐增加,生态赤字由东向西逐渐递减.地区间的可持续发展水平表现为:西部大于中部,中部大于东部.第二,2006年我国有25个省区出现生态人口赤字.全国的生态适度人口为62482.41万人,赤字人口达到66 648.59万人,赤字人口比例达到51.61%,人口对生态环境资源的压力巨大.第三,生态赤字人口在地区间表现为由东向西的递减趋势,东部地区赤字最严重,西部最优.     

黄土高原蒸发力的计算和应用——兼谈改善生态环境的途径

蒸发力是气候学上的一个重要特征量。在水利工程设计、灌溉定额的制定、农林牧的合理布局需要以蒸发力资料为依据。彭曼公式具有较可靠的物理基础和计算精度较高的优点,在国际上得到了广泛的应用。我国某些学者在运用该公式时,未考虑海拔高度对蒸发力的影响,因此在高海拔地区应用彭曼公式会产生较大的误差。 本文应用高度订正后的彭曼公式:计算了黄土高原地区的蒸发力。 森林减弱了近地层风速,降低了该地区的蒸发力,农田水分状况得到了改善。