Role of extractable and residual organic matter fractions on sorption of phenanthrene in sediments

Two sediments were demineralized and sequentially fractionated into extracted fractions [free lipid (FL), bound lipid (BL) and lignin (LG)] and residual fractions [free lipid free (FLF), bound lipid free (BLF) and lignin free (LGF)]. The sorption isotherms of phenanthrene (Phen) were examined to evaluate the importance of various fractions on sorption. A lignin extraction procedure was for the first time applied to separate the lignin or degraded lignin fraction from sediment organic matter (SOM). The extracted LG was similar to model lignin in terms of elemental ratios and sorption behavior. FL and LG fractions were quite important, as their contents were much higher than reported values. Phen sorption for the extracted fractions was almost linear, whereas that for the residual fractions was nonlinear, especially for LGF with n 0.56–0.63. As the different organic fractions were removed sequentially, sorption energy distribution on the residual sediment organic matter (SOM) became more heterogeneous. In addition, increasing sorption capacity for the residual fractions, except for BLF with its high polarity, suggested that more sorption sites on the SOM matrix became accessible to Phen. The sorption capacity for LGF was comparable to that of condensed SOM. The residual fraction LGF generally controlled the overall sorption at low Phen concentration, but the extractable fraction FL surpassed the former fraction at high Phen concentration, demonstrating the importance of condensed SOM in the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in sediments.     

基于OREMS的城市应急交通疏散研究

以天津奥林匹克中心地区在突发事件下的疏散为例来研究城市中的应急交通疏散。由GIS提供天津奥林匹克中心地区的道路和人口数据,利用美国国家橡树岭实验室为美国联邦公路局开发的应急交通疏散仿真软件OREMS(Oak Ridge Evacuation Modeling System)对该地区的路网进行建模,并对人为交通控制策略下的疏散进行仿真模拟,得出疏散过程中疏散车辆数随时间的变化、瓶颈节点和路段以及完成疏散所需的时间等疏散效能参数,从而为制定应急策略提供相应的参考。     

浙江近岸海域有害赤潮发生区麻痹性贝毒素研究

用小白鼠生物检测法和高效液相色谱法对采自浙江舟山海域和浙江中南部海域的麻痹性贝毒素进行了调查分析。结果表明,浙江舟山海域六横岛的西格织纹螺含有贝毒,其毒素为3,7Mu／g,舟山海域有毒贝类检出率为3．1％;浙江中南部海域南麂列岛的棒锥螺含有贝毒,其毒素〈1.7Mu／g,浙江中、南部海域有毒贝类检出率为9．1％。     

我国水资源污染与饮用水安全性研究

对我国水资源状况和饮用水安全性进行了分析研究,结果表明：我国水资源贫乏,水资源环境污染日益严重。许多水厂不得不面临着使用更多的水质不符合要求的受污染水源原水作为生活饮用水水源。水污染主要是有机物和氨氮污染,常规净水工艺系统难以将这些污染物有效除去,降低了饮用水水质,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。随着人们生活水平的提高和健康安全意识的不断增强,对饮用水水质标准提出了更高要求。为从受污染的水源原水中除去对人体健康有害的污染物,提高饮用水的安全可靠性,强化传统工艺、替换传统的消毒剂、吸附、膜过滤和生物预处理等净水技术得到了国内外广泛重视和关注,尤其是经济、高效的生物除污染技术。     

典型废弃物焚烧炉飞灰中溴代二噁英和呋喃的分析研究

采用溴代二噁英和呋喃(PBDD/F)的高分辨气相色谱/质谱联用(HRGC/HRMS)检测分析方法,对不同类型的焚烧炉(医疗废物焚烧炉、炉排炉生活垃圾焚烧炉、工业废物焚烧炉和流化床生活垃圾焚烧炉)飞灰进行了PBDD/Fs的分布特性分析.结果表明:(1)所有样品中均没有发现六溴代二噁英和呋喃,主要都以四、五溴代二噁英和呋喃...     

Correction to: Facile synthesis of the magnetic metal–organic framework Fe3O4/Cu3(BTC)2 for efficient dye removal

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dyeing wastewaters present high hazards for the environment and human health. Advanced dye removal may be achieved by magnetic metal–organic frameworks...     

Cost-Effective Control of Ground-Level Ozone Pollution in and around Beijing

Abstract

Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identifies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the economic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing’s 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting vehicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to “clean up” coal-fired power plants.     

Land Surface Phenology and Land Surface Temperature Changes Along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Yangtze River Delta, China

Using SPOT/VGT NDVI time series images (2002–2009) and MODIS/LST images (2002–2009) smoothed by a Savitzky–Golay filter, the land surface phenology (LSP) and land surface temperature (LST), respectively, are extracted for six cities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou. The trends of the averaged LSP and LST are analyzed, and the relationship between these values is revealed along the urban–rural gradient. The results show that urbanization advances the start of the growing season, postpones the end of the growing season, prolongs the growing season length (GSL), and reduces the difference between maximal NDVI and minimal NDVI in a year (NDVI_amp). More obvious changes occur in surface vegetation phenology as the urbanized area is approached. The LST drops monotonously and logarithmically along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization generally affects the LSP of the surrounding vegetation within 6 km to the urban edge. Except for GSL, the difference in the LSP between urban and rural areas has a significant logarithmic relationship with the distance to the urban edge. In addition, there is a very strong linear relationship between the LSP and the LST along the urban–rural gradient, especially within 6 km to the urban edge. The correlations between LSP and gross domestic product and population density reveal that human activities have considerable influence on the land surface vegetation growth.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Amorphous Polyamide From Dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this research, bio-based polyamide (bio-PA) was synthesized from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate and 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanamine by melt...     

Effects of chelates (EDTA,EDDS, NTA) on phytoavailability of heavy metals (As,Cd, Cu,Pb, Zn) using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper summarises a study of the application of the synthetic chelate ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and the natural chelates...