Enhanced adsorption for Pb(II) and Cd(II) of magnetic rice husk biochar by KMnO4 modification

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Novel KMnO4-treated magnetic biochar (FMBC) was successfully synthesized by addition of Fe(NO3)3 during carbonization and KMnO4 treatment following...     

Distribution pattern of traditional ecological knowledge on plant utilization among major minority peoples in Guizhou,China

In this study, the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) on non-cultivated plant utilization by the Miao and Buyi people in Guizhou, China, was investigated using semi-structured interviews and the joint plant and use (JPU) was used as an index of TEK. In addition, the regional TEK distribution patterns were depicted. The results showed that low-frequency JPUs accounted for a large proportion of the total TEK on non-cultivated plant utilization, implying a possible TEK loss. The TEK distribution pattern is similar to the 80/20 rule, indicating that most TEK is mastered by key informants who are important for regional TEK protection and inheritance. Different informants have different JPU amounts and diversities with specific relationships, and for the characteristic ethnic TEK, medicinal JPUs generally have a low frequency, while symbolic JPUs have a higher frequency. The results could provide references for regional sustainable development and biocultural diversity management.     

两相分配生物反应器处理高浓度有机废水研究进展

随着化学化工及其相关产业的高速发展,高浓度难降解有机废水日益增多,其新型适用的处理工艺技术研发具有迫切性和必要性。就现有废水处理工艺技术而言,生物处理工艺具有彻底矿化降解污染物、处理费用低、二次污染风险低等优点,但对浓度高、毒性大及疏水性强的有机污染物的处理受到限制。近期发展的两相分配生物反应器(two-phase partitioning bioreactor,即TPPB)法则在高浓度难降解有机污水处理中显现出显著的应用效果。综述了TPPB的工作原理、研究现状以及存在的问题,并展望了TPPB技术的应用前景。     

农药在稻田使用对地下水的风险评估研究进展

农药风险评估可为农药登记和农药的环境安全管理提供重要的科学依据。水稻生产过程中病虫草害严重,农药使用品种多、频次高,田水存留时间长,对地下水污染风险高。开展农药在稻田使用对地下水的风险评估研究具有重要的现实意义。文章详细介绍了欧盟和美国的水稻-地下水风险评估研究进展,包括风险评估程序、暴露评估模型及暴露场景等。总结了我国农药在稻田使用对地下水风险评估的研究现状,并分析了我国研究的不足之处。在此基础上,提出了加强我国农药在稻田使用对地下水风险评估的建议。     

NMR代谢组学在水生软体动物生态毒理研究中的应用

随着核磁共振(NMR)技术的不断发展,基于NMR的代谢组学方法已经逐渐成为研究水生动物在代谢水平响应环境变化的一种有效方法。水生软体动物作为重要的环境监测生物,近年来人们在其相关研究中取得了不小的成果。文章总结了利用NMR的代谢组学方法研究各类环境胁迫因子对水生软体动物代谢影响的成果,主要综述了水生软体动物不同组织内代谢物组成和含量对环境胁迫的响应,同时对水生软体动物生态毒理代谢组学研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向进行了讨论和展望。     

基于土壤气中实测苯浓度的健康风险评价

以室外呼吸暴露途径为例,推导了该途径下基于土壤气中ρ(VOCs)的风险计算模型,并在北京某焦化厂苯污染区域进行应用. 结果显示,相同暴露途径下,与采用ASTM模型的理论计算值相比,基于现场土壤气中实测的ρ(苯)低至少1个数量级,基于实测土壤气中ρ(苯)所得风险值低1~2个数量级. 因此,建议对于污染范围较广、污染情况较复杂的大型VOCs污染场地,当采用ASTM模型计算的风险过于保守时,可遵循场地风险评价中分层次风险评价的思路,采用污染区域实测土壤气中ρ(VOCs)进行风险计算,确保风险计算结果更为客观、划定的修复范围更合理以节省不必要的修复资金.      

A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils

An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di-n-butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L^-1 and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg^-1 to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg^-1. Linearity of response between 20 μg·L^-1 and 2 mg·L^-1 was also established and the correlation coefficients (R) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China.     

含盐废水电渗析膜分离处理工艺研究

在水资源日益紧张、含盐废水排放量日益增多的大趋势下,寻求经济有效的含盐废水处理技术已成为重要的研究课题。以厦门某食品企业水产品加工腌泡环节含盐废水为研究对象。含盐废水经氨水沉淀、离子交换树脂软化处理,废水中钙镁离子被有效脱除,出水钙镁质量浓度已经降为10．4mg·L-1,达到软水水质标准。软化后的废水经4‰聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）絮凝并通过活性炭吸附,污染密度指数值（SDI）降低至0．41,完全达到膜分离装置进水水质的要求。预处理液再经电渗析膜进一步浓缩分离后,氯化钠质量浓度可由7351mg·L-1提升到78156mg·L-1,对盐分浓缩了10倍以上,达到废水和盐分的处理回收利用。本处理工艺流程简洁,药耗少、能耗低,比较适合小规模含盐废水的综合处理。     

Study on static and dynamic strength characteristics of tailings silty sand and its engineering application

Through high pressure oedometer-undrained triaxial tests and dynamic triaxial tests, researches were conducted on the static and dynamic strength characteristics of the tailings silty sand of No. 4 tailings reservoir in De-xing copper mine. The Mohr-stress circles of the tailings silty sand under all the testing confining pressure show that the single line failure envelope cannot represent the strength characteristics absolutely, the double line failure envelope can express the strength properties when confining pressures are less than 1400 kPa, and the parabolic failure envelope can reflect the strength characteristics well under all the testing confining pressures. The grading curve of the tailings silty sand indicates that the grain composition is relatively homogeneous. Thus, the tailings silty sand is susceptible to liquefy under the dynamic loading. Dynamic triaxial tests of the tailings silty sand show that the tailings silty sand in deep areas has more liquefaction resistance strengths than in shallow. The possible explanation is that the structure of the deep tailings silty sand is more stable than the shallow one. The tests also reveal that the liquefaction resistance increases with the dry density when it is in the range of 1.51-1.61. The results can be used to guide the construction and ensure the safety of No. 4 tailings dam or other high tailings dams.     

某炼钢厂电炉除尘系统改造方案设计探讨

电炉炼钢产生的高温含尘气体通常采用水冷烟道和机力风冷器进行降温,不但未能回收高温烟气余热,而且消耗大量的水电等资源.提出了一种除尘工艺改造思路,该改造思路既可用在新建项目上,也适用于类似改造项目.