水分条件对中山杉406光合特性的影响

采用室内盆栽方式,以两年生落羽杉属杂交树种＂中山杉406＂（Taxodium‘Zhongshanshan 406’）为试验材料,设置对照、渍水和淹水3种处理,研究了水分条件对中山杉406叶片的叶绿体色素、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO2摩尔分数（Ci）等光合特性的影响。结果表明,中山杉406的叶绿素a、叶绿素a＋b和类胡萝卜素质量分数随土壤水分增加而逐渐降低,但处理间均无显著差异。同样,不同处理间的Tr、Gs和Ci等光合参数无明显规律。光合-光强响应曲线表现出明显的光饱和限制。不同光强下,对照与淹水处理的中山杉406叶片净光合速率高于渍水处理,但处理间没有显著差异。而光饱和在对照处理显著（P〈0.05）高于渍水和淹水处理。在渍水和淹水下,中山杉406的光合特性没有发生明显变化,表明其具有良好的耐湿耐水特性,在湿地的恢复与构建方面有广阔的应用前景。     

长江口南北支浮游动物群落生态学研究

长江口特殊的生态环境使得浮游动物的种类组成、密度和时空分布等生态特征有别于其它水体。2005年秋季(丰水期)和2006年春季(枯水期)对长江口南北支浮游动物进行了2个航次的调查,沿南北支由西向东设立3个采样断面共20个采样点。共采集到浮游动物227种,其中轮虫65种,原生动物107种,枝角类15种,桡足类40种。优势种包括龟甲轮虫(Keratella)、刺簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、砂壳虫(Difflugia)、表壳虫(Arcella)、砂壳纤毛虫(Tintinnid)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)、象鼻溞(Bosmina)等。文章对南北两支浮游动物的种类组成和结构进行了比较,南支浮游动物的种类、数量及生物多样都高于北支,南北两支的浮游动物群落相似度很低。南北两支水域环境的不同造成其浮游动物群落结构的较大差异,文章分析了环境因子与浮游动物群落结构的相关性,其中水温是重要的影响因素,水温的季节性决定...     

含盐废水电渗析膜分离处理工艺研究

在水资源日益紧张、含盐废水排放量日益增多的大趋势下,寻求经济有效的含盐废水处理技术已成为重要的研究课题。以厦门某食品企业水产品加工腌泡环节含盐废水为研究对象。含盐废水经氨水沉淀、离子交换树脂软化处理,废水中钙镁离子被有效脱除,出水钙镁质量浓度已经降为10．4mg·L-1,达到软水水质标准。软化后的废水经4‰聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）絮凝并通过活性炭吸附,污染密度指数值（SDI）降低至0．41,完全达到膜分离装置进水水质的要求。预处理液再经电渗析膜进一步浓缩分离后,氯化钠质量浓度可由7351mg·L-1提升到78156mg·L-1,对盐分浓缩了10倍以上,达到废水和盐分的处理回收利用。本处理工艺流程简洁,药耗少、能耗低,比较适合小规模含盐废水的综合处理。     

呼吸计量法对甲醇和葡萄糖为基质的ASM1参数测定

污水水质和污泥特性不同,活性污泥1号模型(ASM 1)参数的测定结果也不相同。研究以甲醇和葡萄糖为基质,对分别经过甲醇和葡萄糖驯化的活性污泥,通过呼吸计量法测定高食微比、中食微比和零食微比下的氧利用速率(OUR)随时间变化的曲线。确定了异养菌产率系数(YH)、异养菌最大比增长速率(μ^H)和衰减系数(bH),并根据YH、μ^H和bH的测定结果和对中食微比下OUR曲线的数值拟合确定了异养菌半饱和常数(ks)、最大比水解速率(kh)和慢速可生物降解底物水解的半饱和常数(KX)。研究结果表明,在20℃下,采用甲醇和葡萄糖为基质测得的YH、bH、μ^H、ks、KX和kh分别为0.53、0.48、5.75、0.9、0.03、3.0和0.87、1.03、2.27、4.45、0.01、7.0。YH、bH、μ^H和ks的值与ASM1中城市污水的推荐值0.67、0.62、6.0、20.0不同,反映了不同基质对参数测定结果的影响。对于慢速可生物降解有机物(Xs)含量低的水质来说,KX和kh对生化反应过程影响不大,可采用ASM1模型的推荐值。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-Based Amorphous Polyamide From Dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this research, bio-based polyamide (bio-PA) was synthesized from dimethyl furan-2,5-dicarboxylate and 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanamine by melt...     

Prenatal exposure to air pollution and the risk of eczema in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - An increasing number of studies investigated the association between air pollution during pregnancy and the risk of eczema in offspring. However, no...     

ICCLP: An Inexact Chance-Constrained Linear Programming Model for Land-Use Management of Lake Areas in Urban Fringes

Lake areas in urban fringes are under increasing urbanization pressure. Consequently, the conflict between rapid urban development and the maintenance of water bodies in such areas urgently needs to be addressed. An inexact chance-constrained linear programming (ICCLP) model for optimal land-use management of lake areas in urban fringes was developed. The ICCLP model was based on land-use suitability assessment and land evaluation. The maximum net economic benefit (NEB) was selected as the objective of land-use allocation. The total environmental capacity (TEC) of water systems and the public financial investment (PFI) at different probability levels were considered key constraints. Other constraints included in the model were land-use suitability, governmental requirements on the ratios of various land-use types, and technical constraints. A case study implementing the system was performed for the lake area of Hanyang at the urban fringe of Wuhan, central China, based on our previous study on land-use suitability assessment. The Hanyang lake area is under significant urbanization pressure. A 15-year optimal model for land-use allocation is proposed during 2006 to 2020 to better protect the water system and to gain the maximum benefits of development. Sixteen constraints were set for the optimal model. The model results indicated that NEB was between $1.48 × 10⁹ and $8.76 × 10⁹ or between $3.98 × 10⁹ and $16.7 × 10⁹, depending on the different urban-expansion patterns and land demands. The changes in total developed area and the land-use structure were analyzed under different probabilities (q _i ) of TEC. Changes in q _i resulted in different urban expansion patterns and demands on land, which were the direct result of the constraints imposed by TEC and PFI. The ICCLP model might help local authorities better understand and address complex land-use systems and develop optimal land-use management strategies that better balance urban expansion and grassland conservation.     

A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils

An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di-n-butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L^-1 and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg^-1 to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg^-1. Linearity of response between 20 μg·L^-1 and 2 mg·L^-1 was also established and the correlation coefficients (R) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China.     

活性炭纤维净化印刷过程产生的VOCs废气

介绍了应用局部排气的方法,收集印刷过程的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)废气,应用活性炭纤维(ACF)吸附脱附有机废气回收净化装置,进行印刷厂VOCs废气的回收与治理,详细描述了印刷车间VOCs废气的收集与处理工艺过程及其效果.测试结果表明,应用此工艺和设备可以有效地进行印刷过程大风量的VOCs废气的回收和治理.     

机器人技术在地震废墟搜索救援中的应用

破坏性地震往往会造成大量人员被掩埋在建筑废墟内,因此,被困人员的搜索救援是地震现场应急工作的重要任务。地震现场的搜索效率直接关系到地震救援工作的成功率,是提高被困人员生命存活率的重要因素。但是,强震发生后,地震现场往往余震频发、废墟内环境危险而又复杂,这些都给救援人员带来了极大的困难,也威胁着救援人员的生命安全。结合当前快速发展的搜救机器人技术研究现状以及地震应急救援中遇到的实际问题,提出了地震救援装备机器人化的研究设想,目的是提出地震救援人员对辅助搜索救援机器人的实际需求。同时介绍了中国地震应急搜救中心与国内多家院所合作完成的地震现场搜索救援机器人系列的研究现状,并分析了其优势与不足。所做的工作可为提高现场搜索救援效率,以及地震救援机器人的进一步研发与产业化参考。