青岛市重点工业行业挥发性有机物对二次污染物生成的贡献及健康风险研究

对青岛市重点工业行业橡胶制造业、塑料制造业、化学品制造业、涂料制造业、石油加工业、金属制品业、制鞋业、包装印刷业、铁路船舶制造业、汽车制造业的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放浓度开展了调研,探讨了其对二次污染物O3和二次有机气溶胶生成的贡献,并评价了非致癌风险。结果表明,青岛市各重点工业行业排放VOCs浓度总体较低,石油加工业和化学品制造业VOCs排放浓度占比较大,而金属制品业、铁路船舶制造业、汽车制造业等行业排放的废气VOCs对二次污染物生成的贡献较高。化学品制造业、包装印刷业和汽车制造业排放的废气VOCs的非致癌风险总和略超过了风险阈值1,主要是由芳香烃类引起的,普通人群不会直接接触工业行业排放的废气,基本处于安全水平,一线工人可能存在一定潜在危害,应加强防护。对工业企业进行VOCs治理,除控制排放总量外,更应该针对行业类型、VOCs来源及组分进行有的放矢的管控。     

Evaluating the distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metal in coal gangue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The heavy metals, which derived from accumulated coal gangue, are important source of environmental pollution. In this study, coal gangue dumps,...     

某聚氯乙烯分厂的氯乙烯职业健康风险评价

以某化工企业的聚氯乙烯分厂为研究对象,引入美国环境保护署(EPA)推荐的健康风险评价四步法,即危害鉴定、剂量-反应评价、暴露评价和风险表征,对不同作业任务(清釜、看釜、巡检和配料)工人的氯乙烯职业暴露进行健康风险评价。结果表明,从非致癌效应来看,看釜、巡检和配料岗位工人暴露于VC引起肝细胞多态性的HI值均高于安全阈值1,其中看釜工的危害指数最大,引起的不利健康效应最严重。从致癌效应来看,清釜工暴露于VC引起肝血管肉瘤的风险处于可接受水平;而看釜工患肝血管肉瘤的风险值R,达到可接受上限10-4对应的工作年限ED=1.91 a,因此,需要尽可能地采用安全防护措施减少该岗位的职业暴露。巡检和配料岗位的肝血管肉瘤风险达到可接受水平上限10-4时,对应的工作年限分别为4.36 a和9.33 a。由于健康风险评价更侧重长期暴露危害物质对人体健康的影响,即使工作场所满足国标规定的浓度阈值,仍然存在工人长期暴露于低浓度致癌物的风险。     

欧盟资源节约型循环经济发展对我国的启示

近年来,欧盟的循环经济逐步向资源节约型发展转变,而不再仅仅局限于废物的循环利用。通过对欧盟资源节约型循环经济的历史沿革进行梳理,介绍了该运动发起以来欧盟典型成员国中循环经济发展的新动向。在此基础上从资源节约利用的法律规制、环境审计制度及加快技术创新步伐三个角度,为我国循环经济的转型提供发展思路和完善措施。     

龙口市污灌区重金属污染影响因子分析

在龙口市污灌区采集70个土壤样品测定Cr、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、As和Cd含量,利用富集因子法分析各重金属的空间分布情况,采用地理探测器模型评估7个影响因子对重金属空间分布的影响及各影响因子间的交互作用.结果表明:(1)Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cd的富集程度较大,Co、Cr、Ni富集程度较低,8种重金属富集系数...     

Risk preference,trust, and willingness-to-accept subsidies for pro-environmental production: an investigation of hog farmers in China

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - The objectives of this study are to investigate Chinese hog farmers’ minimum willingness-to-accept (WTA) subsidies for complying pro-environmental...     

PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Unintentional formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) is observed and investigated during the thermal desorption in...     

Energy transfer and kinetics in mechanochemistry

Mechanochemistry (MC) exerts extraordinary degradation and decomposition effects on many chlorinated, brominated, and even fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, its application is still limited by inadequate study of its reaction kinetic aspects. In the present work, the ball motion and energy transfer in planetary ball mill are investigated in some detail. Almost all milling parameters are summarised in a single factor—total effective impact energy. Furthermore, the MC kinetic between calcium oxide/Al and hexachlorobenzene is well established and modelled. The results indicate that total effective impact energy and reagent ratio are the two factors sufficient for describing the MC degradation degree of POPs. The reaction rate constant only depends on the chemical properties of reactants, so it could be used as an important index to appraise the quality of MC additives. This model successfully predicts the reaction rate for different operating conditions, indicating that it could be suitably applied for conducting MC reactions in other reactors.

     

A triangular fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach for the application of water technologies in different emergency water supply scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Because of the increasing frequency and intensity of unexpected natural disasters, providing safe drinking water for the affected population following...