近40年青藏高原湖泊环境变化遥感分析研究

利用高分一号多光谱影像,提取高原上面积大于1 km2的湖泊,并结合两次全国湖泊调查数据集及气象资料,对1975年至2015年湖泊变化及其环境影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明：2015年青藏高原1 km2以上湖泊个数共计1210个,自1975年以来整体呈扩张趋势;雅鲁藏布江流域由于蒸发量的增大湖泊面积呈下降趋势;西藏内流区由于降水量的增加、蒸发量的减少和温度升高引起冰川融化,导致湖泊面积持续扩张。为青藏高原湖泊变化及对环境气候波动的响应等研究提供参考。     

开放空间复杂地形人员疏散模拟研究

为研究开放空间复杂地形条件下人员疏散,开发出能够模拟行人疏散的三维可视化软件系统。将复杂多变的地形分解为一系列连续变化的坡面,分析斜坡上行人受力,考虑重力影响,在经典社会力模型的基础上,提出一个改进模型。选择某气井周边居民疏散案例,运用VC++和OpenGL图形库技术初步完成整合数字高程模型(DEM)、道路网络和行人特征的三维社会力人员疏散模拟程序。最后通过实例模拟,可以明显地观察到人群的动态疏散过程以及在灾难中的拥堵行为、转向躲避行为和超越行为。应用该模型,能够实现复杂地形人员疏散三维动态模拟,并快速预测疏散时间。     

Risk preference,trust, and willingness-to-accept subsidies for pro-environmental production: an investigation of hog farmers in China

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - The objectives of this study are to investigate Chinese hog farmers’ minimum willingness-to-accept (WTA) subsidies for complying pro-environmental...     

PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Unintentional formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) is observed and investigated during the thermal desorption in...     

Energy transfer and kinetics in mechanochemistry

Mechanochemistry (MC) exerts extraordinary degradation and decomposition effects on many chlorinated, brominated, and even fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, its application is still limited by inadequate study of its reaction kinetic aspects. In the present work, the ball motion and energy transfer in planetary ball mill are investigated in some detail. Almost all milling parameters are summarised in a single factor—total effective impact energy. Furthermore, the MC kinetic between calcium oxide/Al and hexachlorobenzene is well established and modelled. The results indicate that total effective impact energy and reagent ratio are the two factors sufficient for describing the MC degradation degree of POPs. The reaction rate constant only depends on the chemical properties of reactants, so it could be used as an important index to appraise the quality of MC additives. This model successfully predicts the reaction rate for different operating conditions, indicating that it could be suitably applied for conducting MC reactions in other reactors.

     

A triangular fuzzy TOPSIS-based approach for the application of water technologies in different emergency water supply scenarios

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Because of the increasing frequency and intensity of unexpected natural disasters, providing safe drinking water for the affected population following...     

A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment

The rational for the study was to review the literature on the toxicity and corresponding mechanisms associated with lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), individually and as mixtures, in the environment. Heavy metals are ubiquitous and generally persist in the environment, enabling them to biomagnify in the food chain. Living systems most often interact with a cocktail of heavy metals in the environment. Heavy metal exposure to biological systems may lead to oxidation stress which may induce DNA damage, protein modification, lipid peroxidation, and others. In this review, the major mechanism associated with toxicities of individual metals was the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, toxicities were expressed through depletion of glutathione and bonding to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Interestingly, a metal like Pb becomes toxic to organisms through the depletion of antioxidants while Cd indirectly generates ROS by its ability to replace iron and copper. ROS generated through exposure to arsenic were associated with many modes of action, and heavy metal mixtures were found to have varied effects on organisms. Many models based on concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) have been introduced to help predict toxicities and mechanisms associated with metal mixtures. An integrated model which combines CA and IA was further proposed for evaluating toxicities of non-interactive mixtures. In cases where there are molecular interactions, the toxicogenomic approach was used to predict toxicities. The high-throughput toxicogenomics combines studies in genetics, genome-scale expression, cell and tissue expression, metabolite profiling, and bioinformatics.     

论环境监察工作制度修订的必要性

随着环境监察形势的不断变化,环境监察现有工作制度难以有效应对日新月异的环境保护新形势;环境监察工作体制、机制以及执法理念的更新换代,未来的环境监察工作制度需要进一步完善,才能更好地为国家环境保护工作保驾护航。