La2O3—ZrO2缺陷萤石型燃烧催化剂的制备

缺陷萤石型Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２固溶体的催化燃烧活性受制备条件的影响，本文通过对其共沉淀前体的表面结构和热分解过程的分析，发现共沸蒸馏的办法可以有效地控制前体表面羟基的缩合过程，减少团聚，保持前体中金属离子均匀分散，为生成缺陷有序的烧结石型的Ｌａ２Ｚｒ２Ｏ７复氧化物提供了可能。复合氧化物固溶体的表面阳离子配置情况与样品的催化氧化性能密切相关，软团聚前体的烧结产物对甲烷燃烧反应具有更高的催化活性。     

Road traffic impact on urban atmospheric aerosol loading at Oporto,Portugal

At urban areas in south Europe atmospheric aerosol levels are frequently above legislation limits as a result of road traffic and favourable climatic conditions for photochemical formation and dust suspension. Strategies for urban particulate pollution control have to take into account specific regional characteristics and need correct information concerning the sources of the aerosol.With these objectives, the ionic and elemental composition of the fine (PM_2.5) and coarse (PM_2.5–10) aerosol was measured at two contrasting sites in the centre of the city of Oporto, roadside (R) and urban background (UB), during two campaigns, in winter and summer.Application of Spatial Variability Factors, in association with Principal Component/Multilinear Regression/Inter-site Mass Balance Analysis, to aerosol data permitted to identify and quantify 5 main groups of sources, namely direct car emissions, industry, photochemical production, dust suspension and sea salt transport. Traffic strongly influenced PM mass and composition. Direct car emissions and road dust resuspension contributed with 44–66% to the fine aerosol and with 12 to 55% to the coarse particles mass at both sites, showing typically highest loads at roadside. In fine particles secondary origin was also quite important in aerosol loading, principally during summer, with 28–48% mass contribution, at R and UB sites respectively. Sea spray has an important contribution of 18–28% to coarse aerosol mass in the studied area, with a highest relative contribution at UB site.Application of Spatial Variability/Mass Balance Analysis permitted the estimation of traffic contribution to soil dust in both size ranges, across sites and seasons, demonstrating that as much as 80% of present dust can result from road traffic resuspension.     

低分压CO_2回收新技术的工业应用

介绍了低分压CO_2回收新技术的特点和基本原理,叙述了该技术用于不同类型烟道气CO_2回收的工业应用实例。该技术可解决一乙醇胺降解损耗及设备腐蚀等技术问题,提高溶液的吸收能力、降低CO_2的再生能耗。     

公共场所人群聚集个人风险的研究

公共场所人群聚集的风险影响因素众多,其随机性和不确定性强,对风险进行定量比较困难.在前人研究的基础上,对事故进行分类,并根据事故发生概率和与其相应的概率分布,通过数学推导和参数补偿,提出了个人风险定量计算模型.最后以公共场所的部分事故统计资料为参考数据,阐述了该模型的使用方法和步骤,同时指出使用该模型过程中应该注意的问题.结果表明,该模型具有一定的合理性和准确性,对公共场所人群聚集安全具有一定的指导意义.根据模型的计算结果,建议一般公共场所个人风险的推荐值为4.50×10-7.     

爆炸性恐怖袭击后果与人群聚集状态的关系研究

在自杀性爆炸中,当爆炸负荷较小时,所产生的人员伤亡主要由爆炸碎片造成.从几何及概率理论的角度对自杀式恐怖袭击中爆炸碎片产生的伤亡后果进行了数学建模.人群聚集状态不同,爆炸后产生的伤亡后果不同.在爆炸负荷一定的情况下,分别以场所中的人数,爆炸气流扩散角为变量对伤亡后果进行研究.结果表明,伤亡人数的变化随场所中人数的增加呈单峰式变化.当场所中总人数超过某一阙值后,期望伤亡人数会减小.伤亡人数随爆炸气流扩散角度的增大而下降.场所中人数及爆炸负荷确定的情况下,当场所面积在 m=6～50之间变化时,伤亡后果先增加,然后缓慢下降,最大伤亡在m=25左右时出现.     

因果图和模糊综合风险评价在城市燃气输配系统的应用

针对复杂的城市燃气输配系统,利用因果图和模糊综合评价相结合的方法对其进行风险分析.因果图能找出影响城市燃气输配系统失效的因素,模糊综合评价则可在其基础上对风险量化.以某市的燃气输配系统为例描述了该方法的步骤.结果表明,因果图和模糊综合评价相结合的方法合理且易于工程应用.     

浅谈陆上石油钻井现场安全监督的考核与管理

石油行业,特别是石油钻井行业历来被认为是个高风险、多事故的行业.受钻井公司HSE 管理委员会的委派,安全监督对所负责施工现场的QHSE 管理实施全员、全方位、全天候、全过程的监督管理;监督现场所有的施工单位、人员、施工作业严格执行钻井公司QHSE 管理体系的相关规定,对生产现场违章指挥、违章操作、违反劳动纪律及其它违反企业安全管理规章制度、体系文件的现象进行纠正、制止并给予经济处罚.为了规范安全监督人员的行为和管理工作,公正、合理地评价每位驻井安全监督的工作业绩和管理水平,应通过加大对安全监督的考核力度,激励安全监督人员加强理论知识的学习和责任心,不断提高生产现场的监督管理水平.     

Ecological Approaches to Urban Migration of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

Abstract

With the approach of the second water storage of the Three Gorges Project, urban migration has become a great concern. However, being influenced by economical, social or other factors, ecological problems have apparently become pressing. All these problems are exerting great impact upon the speed and quality of new city's or town's construction. By means of ecology, urban ecology, landscape ecology, human settlement science as well as the principle of sustainable development, this paper analyzes the ecological problems in urban migration, and the corresponding approaches in order to promote ecological environment construction of new cities and give an impetus to sustainable development of the whole human settlements in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.     

催化电解法处理苯胺废水实验

在实验装置上对电化学法处理苯胺废水进行研究。根据不同电极材料对有机物降解机理的不同,对工业上应用较为广泛的几种电极材料进行筛选,并在此基础上考察了电流密度、投盐量、pH值、极间距、处理水量、电解时间等因素对处理结果的影响。结果表明:当用Ti/PbO2作电极,在电极间距为10mm,电流密度10mA/cm2,硫酸钠投加量1.5g/L,水板比8.3mL/cm2的条件下电解120min,废水中苯胺去除率可达94%以上,电解150min,溶液中的苯胺几乎完全降解。