胶州湾北岸潮间带三-(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯和六溴环十二烷的分布水平

对胶州湾北岸潮间带底泥样品中三-(2,3-二溴丙基)异氰脲酸酯(tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl)isocyanurate,TBC)和六溴环十二烷(hexabromocyclododecanes,HBCDs)的3种同分异构体(α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD)的分布水平进行分析,结合索氏提取与Waters ACQUITY UPLC-MS-MS超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪检测出TBC和HBCDs的3种同分异构体α-HBCD、β-HBCD、γ-HBCD,浓度范围分别为1.20~5.62 ng·g~(-1)(干重)、1.18~1.54 ng·g~(-1)(干重)、1.50~1.85 ng·g~(-1)(干重)、2.12~2.99 ng·g~(-1)(干重)。其中,TBC在河流入海口处的浓度较高,γ-HBCD占ΣHBCDs的比例(44.75%)最高,且相关性分析表明TBC和HBCDs可能有相似的污染来源。最近,斯德哥尔摩公约持久性有机污染物审查委员会(POPRC)将HBCDs列入POPs名单加以限制使用,这表明其具有一定的环境风险,未来可能对环境和人类健康造成的危害应该引起足够的重视。     

孕酮诱导非洲爪蟾卵母细胞生发泡破裂(GVBD)实验方法的优化及干扰物质筛查

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞生发泡破裂(GVBD)是生物学上研究卵细胞成熟过程及其机制的良好模型。由于GVBD受激素的调控,曾有研究将孕酮诱导的非洲爪蟾GVBD试验用于内分泌干扰物的筛查。通过预注射人体绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)提高非洲爪蟾卵母细胞对孕酮的敏感性、缩小个体差异,缩短试验时间等优化GVBD试验方法;并选用甲氧氯作为阳性参照物对优化的方法进行验证,最后用此方法研究了米非司酮、来曲唑、咪鲜胺3种化学物质对孕酮诱导GVBD的影响。结果发现,甲氧氯对GVBD的发生具有明显抑制作用,随着剂量的增加抑制作用增强,显示优化方法的可靠性。米非司酮作为孕酮受体拮抗剂,没有表现出抑制GVBD的效应,证明孕酮诱导爪蟾GVBD并非完全由孕酮受体(PR)介导。同时,来曲唑和咪鲜胺对孕酮诱导爪蟾GVBD没有影响,显示此两种物质在孕酮诱导GVBD过程中不具有内分泌干扰作用。     

环糊精在环境污染治理中的应用分析

环糊精独特的结构特征使其在环境污染治理领域表现出越来越广泛的应用前景。主要综述了环糊精促进水体中有机污染物去除的应用研究,对土壤中污染物的修复应用研究,以及在其他环境污染治理方面的应用。展望了环糊精及其衍生物在环境保护等领域的应用前景。     

Allelochemicals of the invasive neophyte Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. (Polygonaceae)

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. and Zucc., a traditional Chinese medicine is now a wide-spread invasive neophyte in Europe and America. The novel weapon hypothesis states that some invasive weed species owe part of their success as invaders to allelopathy mediated by some allelochemicals. Previous HPLC/UV/ESI-MS analysis showed that the constituents of the roots of P. cuspidatum from China were obviously different from the species collected in Switzerland (present as an invasive neophyte) with respect to piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and some proanthocyanidin. This work isolated these special constituents from the invasive plant and studied their allelopathy effect, as well as the related structures by the seedling and growing model of Lepidium sativum (garden cress, Brassicaceae). The results revealed that stilbenes as piceatannol glucoside, resveratroloside and proanthocyanidins as catechin, epicatechin from this plant were comparatively stronger allelochemicals than the reported allelochemical (−)-catechin, which may partly explain the invasive behavior of this plant in Europe.     

Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes

Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.     

DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用探讨

我国医疗废物集中处置行业呈现多种投资来源和多种运营模式并存的格局,医疗废物集中处置设施建设和运营主要采用以BOT为主的特许经营模式,部分设施由于模式选择不当,导致产权边界不清、稳定运行困难等问题,一定程度限制了行业的可持续发展。近年来开始应用于我国污水处理设施的DBO模式具有责任主体一致、建设运营效率较高等特点,在环境污染治理领域的应用前景较为广阔。本文通过对DBO模式和BOT模式的所有权归属、责任主体、实施期限等方面进行对比,分析得出DBO模式较BOT模式在设施的运营阶段具有突出优势,应用于医疗废物集中处置设施可以更有效地保证运营效率、节约财政支出、强化政府监管。同时,预期在医疗废物集中处置项目中推行DBO模式可能存在的阻碍,包括政府积极性不高、招商面临一定难度、实施过程的不确定因素较多等,并有针对性提出了在中小城市开展试点、发放环境基础设施建设债券、邻近区域多个项目捆绑招商等建议,以促进DBO模式在医疗废物集中处置设施中的应用。     

Mating patterns in three <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bufo andrewsi</Emphasis> populations at different latitude

Body size-dependent mating pattern is thought to a consequence of the sexual selection on phenotypic characters. In the view, we investigated the mating patterns in Bufo andrewsi from three populations at different latitude in three Nature Reserves (i.e. Wanglang, Yele and Fengtongzhai) in China from early- March to late-May 2013 and 2014. The results showed that average body size did not differ significantly between amplectant and non-amplectant males within each population. We found a significantly positive relationship in body size between the amplectant males and amplectant females in Wanglang population, but not in Qiqiao and Yele populations. The strength of size-dependent mating was not correlated with the malebiased operational sex ratios (OSRs), suggesting that intensity of male-male competition at nights do not result in variation in size-dependent mating patterns in B. andrewsi among populations.     

中温焙烧/钠化氧化法回收电镀污泥中的铬

采用中温焙烧/钠化氧化法从电镀污泥中回收铬.结果表明,影响铬浸出率的最主要因素为焙烧温度.电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比、焙烧时间、水浸时间对铬浸出率的影响较接近,在水浸水固比为10.0 ; 1.0(质量比)、室温、焙烧温度为650℃、焙烧时间为2.0h、电镀污泥与碳酸钠质量比为1:1、水浸时间为60 min的最佳浸出条件下,铬浸出率为99.3%;去除氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌的最佳反应温度和pH分别为90～95℃和7.5;去除硫酸钠晶体的最佳pH为4.0,在最佳试验条件下,铬回收率为90.57%.     

复合物流模式下的机械加工车间安全布局设计

机械加工车间的物流形式不唯一,一般是小推车、天车等多种物流形式的复合,本文以河南省某机械加工车间为例,运用系统布局设置(SLP)方法,并综合考虑复合物流与危险源,进行车间安全布局.首先按照类型将车间分成13个区域,之后应用单纯型法核算车间内的复杂物流量,然后基于曼哈顿距离实现系统布局设置(SLP),最后综合考虑车间内的...     

铁屑过滤-SBR工艺处理印染废水的研究

采用铁屑过滤－ＳＢＲ工艺对印染废水进行了处理研究,当进水ＣＯＤ为１０００－１６００ｍｇ／Ｌ,色度为２００－８００倍,ＢＯＤ５在２００－４００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％,ＢＯＤ５去除率和脱色率均在９０％以上,出水达到排放标准,该工艺具有投资少,运行费用低,处理效果稳定等特点,尤其适合中小型印染厂的废水治理。