基于DOC+CDPF后处理技术的公交车实际道路颗粒物排放特性

利用车载排放测试系统,对柴油公交车安装氧化催化转化器(DOC)+催化型颗粒捕集器(CDPF)前后的实际道路工况颗粒物排放特性进行了研究。安装DOC+CDPF前后,稳态工况下,颗粒物数量排放(PN)、质量排放(PM)分别在车速为25,30 km/h降幅最大;瞬态工况下,随着加速度的增加,PN、PM排放率降幅逐渐增大;颗粒粒径分布规律不同,安装前呈单峰或双峰分布,而安装后呈三峰分布,粒径124.1 nm左右降幅最大。     

Effects of photodegradation of dissolved organic matter on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters can bind various organic pollutants, and the affinity of this binding is strongly influenced by the chemical characteristics of the DOM and water pH. This study examined the effects of photochemically induced alteration of the DOM's chemical properties and water pH on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Time- and pH-series of solar-simulated irradiations were performed on a natural water sample and aqueous DOM solutions prepared from aquatic and soil humic substances. The binding affinity of BaP, expressed as a partition coefficient of a compound to DOM, decreased substantially after the DOM samples were irradiated over environmentally relevant radiation doses and pH ranges. The lowering of the pH due to the photoproduction of acidic products often partly offsets the reduction of the binding affinity caused by direct photoalteration of the DOM's chemical structure. The decrease of the binding affinity, after correction for the photoinduced pH change, was positively correlated with the decrease in the molecular weight and the aromaticity of the DOM in the course of irradiation. Increasing O(2) abundance accelerated the decrease of the binding affinity as a result of enhanced DOM photodegradation. Visible light played a more important role in reducing the molecular weight and aromaticity of the DOM than in reducing the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) via photoremineralization while the reverse was true for UV radiation, indicating that photochemical reduction of the binding affinity may occur in natural waters at depths greater than UV radiation can reach. A decrease of the affinity of DOM for binding BaP will increase the free dissolved fraction of BaP and thus its availability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. The results from this study may have similar implications for organic pollutants other than BaP.     

基于MEA情景的长江流域氮平衡及溶解态无机氮通量:流域-河口/海湾氮综合管理

以长江流域氮循环为研究对象,基于千年生态系统评估框架下的4种情景,预测了2050年长江流域的氮循环在不同驱动因子作用下的未来变化趋势,并提出长江流域生态系统的优化管理的建议.研究结果表明,在1970—2010年期间,长江流域氮输入量增加了5倍,长江向河口输出的溶解态无机氮(DIN)通量增加了8倍,流域土壤中的氮已经达到饱和并且氮过剩量持续增加,流域对氮的截留率下降,水体输送的DIN通量增加,区域氮循环失衡问题日益严重.在千年生态系统评估框架下,预测在2050年,在采取积极措施的预测情境下,河流向河口和近海输送的溶解态无机氮通量将会比2000年有所下降,而在消极应对的预测情境下,河流向河口和近海输送的溶解态无机氮通量将会继续增加,从而加剧河口和近海地区水体的污染程度.非点源氮输入将是长江溶解态无机氮输出通量的主要来源,其中以化肥氮输入为主,其次为禽畜粪便氮输入,贡献率最低的是点源污水氮输入.情景预测及源解析研究表明,2050年长江流域-河口/海湾氮污染控制的重点在于减少长江下游-太湖流域、沅江-湘江-洞庭湖流域、赣江-鄱阳湖流域及岷江流域的化肥及畜禽粪便排放,2050年要实现长江水系水质全面达标,长江流域的氮输入量需要削减29%,其中长江下游-太湖流域削减40%,汉江流域削减43%,沅江-湘江-洞庭湖流域削减31%.从子流域尺度制定氮污染管理策略更适用于流域-河口/海湾系统框架下的综合管理.     

Emission reduction characteristics of a catalyzed continuously regenerating trap after-treatment system and its durability performance

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a catalyzed continuously regenerating trap(CCRT)system composed of a diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC)and a catalyzed diesel particulate filter(CDPF)on the main gaseous and particulate emissions from an urban diesel bus,as well as the durability performance of the CCRT system.Experiments were conducted based on a heavy chassis dynamometer,and a laboratory activity test as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)test were applied to evaluate the changes of the aged CCRT catalyst.Results showed that the CCRT could reduce the CO by 71.5%and the total hydrocarbons(THC)by 88.9%,and meanwhile promote the oxidation of NO.However,the conversion rates for CO and THC dropped to 25.1%and 55.1%,respectively,after the CCRT was used for one year(～60,000 km),and the NO oxidation was also weakened.For particulate emissions,the CCRT could reduce 97.4%of the particle mass(PM)and almost 100%of the particle number(PN).The aging of the CCRT resulted in a reduced PM trapping efficiency but had no observable effect on the PN;however,it increased the proportion of nucleation mode particles.The activity test results indicated that the deterioration of the CCRT was directly relevant to the increase in the light-off temperatures of the catalyst for CO,C_3H_8 and NO_2.In addition,the decreased concentrations of the active components Pt~(2+) and Pt~(4+) in the catalyst are also important factors in the CCRT deterioration.     

Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Nano-hydroxyapatite-Enhanced Acrylamide Hydrogel Adsorbent

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study, a hydrogel adsorbent was successfully synthesized using hydroxyapatite/acrylamide/β-cyclodextrin to adsorb heavy metal ions and dyes in...     

Influence of C14 alkane stress on antioxidant defense capacity,mineral nutrient element accumulation,and cadmium uptake of ryegrass

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore the influence of C14 alkane on physiological stress responses, mineral nutrient elements uptake, cadmium (Cd) transfer, and uptake...