火灾报警系统可靠性数字仿真软件研究

介绍了火灾报警系统可靠性数字仿真原理和软件设计方法，并举出了运行实例，证明数字仿真技术在火灾报警系统可靠性分析方面具有良好的应用前景。     

Effect of traffic restriction on atmospheric particle concentrations and their size distributions in urban Lanzhou, Northwestern China

During the 2012 Lanzhou International Marathon, the local government made a significant effort to improve traffic conditions and air quality by implementing traffic restriction measures. To evaluate the direct effect of these measures on urban air quality, especially particle concentrations and their size distributions, atmospheric particle size distributions(0.5–20 μm) obtained using an aerodynamic particle sizer(model 3321, TSI, USA) in June 2012 were analyzed. It was found that the particle number, surface area and volume concentrations for size range 0.5–10 μm were(15.0±2.1) cm-3,(11.8±2.6) μm2/cm3and(1.9±0.6) μm2/cm3, respectively, on the traffic-restricted day(Sunday), which is 63.2%, 53.0% and 47.2% lower than those on a normal Sunday. For number and surface area concentrations, the most affected size range was 0.5–0.7 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively, while for volume concentration, the most affected size ranges were 0.5–0.8, 1.7–2.0 and 5.0–5.4 μm. Number and volume concentrations of particles in size range 0.5–1.0 μm correlated well with the number of non-CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) powered vehicles, while their correlation with the number of CNG-powered vehicles was very low, suggesting that reasonable urban traffic controls along with vehicle technology improvements could play an important role in improving urban air quality.     

平顶山市生态服务功能重要性评价研究

文章根据平顶山市自然环境条件,按照生态服务功能重要性评价的方法,建立了平顶山市生态敏感性评价指标体系,选取生物多样性维持与保护、洪水调蓄、水源涵养和生态系统产品提供等因子对平顶山市生态系统服务功能重要性进行了综合评价,依据评价结果将平顶山市划分为西部山地森林生态区、北部丘陵生态功能区、中部平原农田城镇生态区和南部丘陵森林城镇生态区等四个生态服务功能区。     

智能石墨消解-ICP/MS测定土壤中的10种金属元素研究

使用智能石墨消解对土壤样品进行前处理,ICP/MS测定土壤中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Sb、Pb等10种金属元素含量。实验表明,智能石墨消解能将土壤样品消解完全,ICP-MS测定土壤标准样品结果均在保证值范围内、相对标准偏差在0.5%~4.6%之间,具有较好的精密度。该方法安全性高、污染少、操作简单、实现了智能化,适合大批量样品同时测定。     

Photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO_2 to methanol over a photosystem Ⅱ-enhanced Cu foam/Si-nanowire system

A solar-light double illumination photoelectrocatalytic cell(SLDIPEC) was fabricated for autonomous CO_2 reduction and O_2 evolution with the aid of photosystem II(PS-II, an efficient light-driven water-oxidized enzyme from nature) and utilized in a photoanode solution. The proposed SLPEC system was composed of Cu foam as the photoanode and p-Si nanowires(Si-NW) as the photocathode. Under solar irradiation, it exhibited a super-photoelectrocatalytic performance for CO_2 conversion to methanol, with a high evolution rate(41.94 mmol/hr), owing to fast electron transfer from PS-II to Cu foam.Electrons were subsequently trapped by Si-NW through an external circuit via bias voltage(0.5 V), and a suitable conduction band potential of Si(-0.6 e V) allowed CO_2 to be easily reduced to CH_3 OH at the photocathode. The constructed Z-scheme between Cu foam and Si-NW can allow the SLDIPEC system to reduce CO_2(8.03 mmol/hr) in the absence of bias voltage. This approach makes full use of the energy band mismatch of the photoanode and photocathode to design a highly efficient device for solving environmental issues and producing clean energy.     

火星水手谷滑坡体体积的计算方法研究

火星滑坡研究对地球上高速远程滑坡形成机制具有借鉴意义,其中火星滑坡体体积的计算是调查难点之一。基于NASA火星侦查轨道器背景摄影技术,借助谷歌地球软件,对火星水手谷中的12处典型滑坡进行了识别与分析。运用Alfred S.McEwen公式和方格网两种方法,计算了火星滑坡体的体积V,得出火星水手谷中12处典型滑坡体的体积平均在1 500km3,最高可达5 452.4km3。采用数理统计理论,发现滑坡体体积V与堆积区域面积D满足V=103.046 D1.036,滑坡体高度H与滑移距离L之比(等效摩擦系数)与滑坡体体积V满足H/L=-0.029lgV+0.459的关系。分析滑坡体滑移距离L的影响因素,得出滑坡体滑移距离L与滑坡体体积V和滑坡体高度H基本呈正相关。将火星滑坡体体积计算结果与地球上217处滑坡统计数据进行对比,发现火星滑坡具有体积大、滑移距离远、低等效摩擦系数等特点。     

对浑河沈阳城区段水体“休养生息”的探讨

结合“休养生息”内含,探讨了浑河沈阳城区段水体“休养生息的”的必要性及意义。通过对现有法律、法规的进一步完善,强化准入制度,把“休养生息的”制度化、法律化;通过采用污水处理厂建设,实施雨污分流及生态恢复等措施,达到浑河沈阳城区段水体“休养生息的”的目的。     

焦化废水中降解酚优势菌漆酶活性研究

本实验选取哈依煤气反应器内的活性污泥沉降物作为菌源,以邻甲基酚做为唯一碳源,分离纯化得菌株Enterobacter sp.j11,测定酚浓度、温度、pH值及同酚浓度下的时间变化对于菌株产漆酶活性的影响。结果表明：温度35℃～40℃、pH6.5～7.5、酚800 mg/L条件下菌株生长状态佳,酶活性高;酚浓度一定800 mg/L时,测定了24 h内漆酶随时间的变化,得知菌株8 h后即适应高酚条件。说明该菌株适应能力强、产漆酶稳定。     

象山港海域污染物总量控制研究

以行政区划为计划单元,结合当地的社会经济发展现状及规划,对象山港海域污染物排放进行总量控制和排放指标额度优化分配,使得象山港海域污染物总量控制研究更具可操作性.研究结果表明,在COD各源强中,水土流失源、畜禽养殖源保持不变,生活源和工业源按一定比例增长,只有奉化、宁海区域海水养殖源需要削减,且削减后的COD源强(容量分配额度)亦能满足该区域今后海水养殖发展的需求,而北仑、鄞州和象山其他3个区域的海水养殖容量分配值则有较大的剩余空间,故在不超过总源强(海水养殖未使用全部源强)的前提下,工业、生活等COD源强可在优化结果的基础上适度增加,从而实现象山港及其周边陆域资源、环境和经济目标的最大化.     

泰来县医疗废物现状调查及防治对策

对泰来县医疗废物的产生量,处理现状进行了调查分析,针对存在的问题,提出了切实可行的污染防治对策。