浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内油气分布及爆炸压力模拟

浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内处于爆炸极限范围内的油气在雷击作用下可导致爆炸起火事故。为研究浮顶油罐一二次密封空间内的油气分布规律,在实验室建立了浮顶油罐试验模型,通过设计相关试验,对不同环境下一二次密封空间内的油气积聚情况进行检测,对处于爆炸极限范围内的油气进行爆炸压力模拟。结果表明:风速、风向对一二次密封空间内的油气积聚有着关键的影响;风压对爆炸压力也有重要的影响,在风压影响下,爆炸压力峰值变大,此时油气体积分数大于3%的油气发生爆炸,其冲击压力可破坏一次密封,引燃油品,引起重大事故。     

CeO2 doping boosted low-temperature NH3-SCR activity of FeTiOx catalyst: A microstructure analysis and reaction mechanistic study

• CeO₂ doping significantly improved low-temperature NH₃-SCR activity on FeTiO_x. • The crystallinity of FeTiO_x was decreased dramatically after CeO₂ doping. • Unique Ce-O-Fe structure in FeCe_0.2TiO_x accounted for its superior redox property. • Facile activation of NH₃ to-NH₂ on FeCe_0.2TiO_x promoted the DeNO_x efficiency. FeTiO_x has been recognized as an environmental-friendly and cost-effective catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃. Aimed at further improving the low-temperature DeNO_x efficiency of FeTiO_x catalyst, a simple strategy of CeO₂ doping was proposed. The low-temperature (<250℃) NH₃-SCR activity of FeTiO_x catalyst could be dramatically enhanced by CeO₂ doping, and the optimal composition of the catalyst was confirmed as FeCe_0.2TiO_x, which performed a NO_x conversion of 90% at ca. 200℃. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) analysis, FeCe_0.2TiO_x showed low crystallinity, with Fe and Ce species well mixed with each other. Based on the fitting results of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), a unique Ce-O-Fe structure was formed in FeCe_0.2TiO_x catalyst. The well improved specific surface area and the newly formed Ce-O-Fe structure dramatically contributed to the improvement of the redox property of FeCe_0.2TiO_x catalyst, which was well confirmed by H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and in situ XAFS experiments. Such enhanced redox capability could benefit the activation of NO and NH₃ at low temperatures for NO_x removal. The detailed reaction mechanism study further suggested that the facile oxidative dehydrogenation of NH₃ to highly reactive-NH₂ played a key role in enhancing the low-temperature NH₃-SCR performance of FeCe_0.2TiO_x catalyst.     

In Situ Compatibilization of Isotactic Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene by a Melt Cobranching Reaction

Incompatible polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are difficult to separate in mixed recycling streams such as waste plastic packaging, which makes polyolefin mixtures unsuitable for high-quality products. In this work, based on the free radical branching reaction, a co-branching reaction of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends was carried out in the presence of the peroxide, free radical regulator and multifunctional acrylate monomer, and a star-like long-chain branching (LCB) copolymer was obtained. The effect of in situ compatibilization on the structures and mechanical properties of iPP/HDPE was investigated, and the compatibilization mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the mechanical properties of the modified blends were largely improved, and efficient in-situ compatibilization of iPP and HDPE could be taken place in a wide process window. Moreover, the sizes of the dispersed phase in the modified blends were clearly decreased, and the interfacial thickness increased. Compared with the pure iPP/HDPE blend, the initial crystallization temperature of iPP in the modified iPP/HDPE blend was increased, and long branched chains of the LCB copolymers were physically entangled with the chemical identical homopolymers or even participated in the crystallization of iPP and HDPE. Thanks to the in situ compatibilization strategy, the compatibility of iPP/HDPE was significantly improved.

     

铸造起重机主起升机构安全制动器的研究与应用

为更好地推进安全制动器的使用,对大型铸造起重机主起升机构安全制动器的设置进行了研究,通过安全性分析,指出不同主起升机构布置形式对安全可靠性的影响,系统阐述了应采取的措施和故障检测、逻辑判断方法,明确了制动控制参数和日常维护保养要点,对技术改造和实际应用具有良好的示范作用。     

医院COVID-19病区SARS-CoV-2病毒的环境污染及原因探讨

采用4种空气气溶胶采样器,在某收治新冠肺炎患者的传染病医院COVID-19病区采集空气气溶胶样本46份,其中1份样本中SARS-CoV-2呈弱阳性。用无菌拭子采集病区空调及通风系统表面灰尘样本12份,其中1份样本中SARS-CoV-2呈弱阳性。研究结果表明,SARS-CoV-2存在于医院病区空气和部分通风系统物体表面,病毒有通过气溶胶短距离传播的风险,医护人员应加强个人防护,严格执行感染预防与控制措施,降低医院内部环境交叉感染的风险。     

玉米-土壤和大豆-土壤体系中95Zr的消长动态

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术进行了⁹⁵zr在2种作物-土壤体系中的消长动态研究,并应用库室模型和非线性回归方法确定了各体系的拟合方程.结果显示:①玉米和大豆从土壤中吸收的⁹⁵Zr主要集中在根部,且根部中的⁹⁵Zr比活度随时间呈缓慢增加,并在经历一段时间后逐渐趋于动态平衡;其余各部位的比活度较低,较大部分接近于本底水平,表明⁹⁵Zr被玉米和大豆根系吸收后不易在其体内迁移、输运;②喷施进入土壤中的⁹⁵Zr主要滞留在表层(0～8cm)土壤中,其量占总量的97.5%以上,表明⁹⁵Zr被表层土壤吸附,不易随水流向下迁移;③对实验数据进行回归分析,得玉米和大豆植株中⁹⁵Zr比活度的消长动态拟合方程为C_m(t)=3.2067(1-e^01582t)和C_b(t)=3.0925(1-e^-0.1363t),经方差分析,表明回归方程较好地反应了⁹⁵Zr在玉米-土壤和大豆-土壤体系中的消K动态.     

Surface water treatment benefits from the presence of algae: Influence of algae on the coagulation behavior of polytitanium chloride

• Emerging titanium coagulation was high-efficient for algae-laden water treatment. • Polytitanium coagulation was capable for both algae and organic matter removal. • Surface water purification was improved by around 30% due to algae inclusion. • Algae functioned as flocculant aid to assist polytitanium coagulation. • Algae could enhance charge neutralization capability of polytitanium coagulant. Titanium-based coagulation has proved to be effective for algae-laden micro-polluted water purification processes. However, the influence of algae inclusion in surface water treatment by titanium coagulation is barely reported. This study reports the influence of both Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii in surface water during polytitanium coagulation. Jar tests were performed to evaluate coagulation performance using both algae-free (controlled) and algae-laden water samples, and floc properties were studied using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer for online monitoring. Results show that polytitanium coagulation can be highly effective in algae separation, removing up to 98% from surface water. Additionally, the presence of algae enhanced organic matter removal by up to 30% compared to controlled water containing only organic matter. Polytitanium coagulation achieved significant removal of fluorescent organic materials and organic matter with a wide range of molecular weight distribution (693–4945 Da) even in the presence of algae species in surface water. The presence of algae cells and/or algal organic matter is likely to function as an additional coagulant or flocculation aid, assisting polytitanium coagulation through adsorption and bridging effects. Although the dominant coagulation mechanisms with polytitanium coagulant were influenced by the coagulant dosage and initial solution pH, algae species in surface water could enhance the charge neutralization capability of the polytitanium coagulant. Algae-rich flocs were also more prone to breakage with strength factors approximately 10% lower than those of algae-free flocs. Loose structure of the flocs will require careful handling of the flocs during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration processes.     

Simultaneous removal of NOx and chlorobenzene on V2O5/TiO2 granular catalyst: Kinetic study and performance prediction

• A V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst for simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene. • Catalyst synthesized by vanadyl acetylacetonate showed good activity and stability. • The kinetic model was established and the synergetic activity was predicted. • Both chlorobenzene oxidation and SCR of NO follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. • The work is of much value to design of multi-pollutants emission control system. The synergetic abatement of multi-pollutants is one of the development trends of flue gas pollution control technology, which is still in the initial stage and facing many challenges. We developed a V₂O₅/TiO₂ granular catalyst and established the kinetic model for the simultaneous removal of NO and chlorobenzene (i.e., an important precursor of dioxins). The granular catalyst synthesized using vanadyl acetylacetonate precursor showed good synergistic catalytic performance and stability. Although the SCR reaction of NO and the oxidation reaction of chlorobenzene mutually inhibited, the reaction order of each reaction was not considerably affected, and the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics was still followed. The performance prediction of this work is of much value to the understanding and reasonable design of a catalytic system for multi-pollutants (i.e., NO and dioxins) emission control.     

豆渣对水中Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附

研究了新型生物吸附剂豆渣对水中Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附机制和吸附能力;分析了吸附时间、溶液pH、豆渣质量浓度和重金属离子质量浓度对重金属离子去除效果的影响。豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程。在Cd^2＋溶液和Zn^2＋溶液的pH分别为6．0和7．0、质量浓度为50mg／L、豆渣质量浓度为10．0g／L的条件下,吸附12h,Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的去除率分别为96．O％和89．4％。通过Langmuir吸附等温线模拟,得出豆渣对Cd^2＋和Zn^2＋的最大吸附量分别为19．61mg／g和11．11mg／g。     

基于偏最小二乘法的黄土湿陷性评价模型

基于统计学相关理论的黄土湿陷系数预测及评价方法是简化其工程应用的重要途径.当前采用多元回归方法建立黄土湿陷系数预测模型过程中往往缺乏对自变量间多重相关性对预测精度影响的合理考量.基于上述考虑,该文分别采用普通多元线性回归方法和偏最小二乘回归方法建立了黄土湿陷系数的多因素(天然含水量、初始孔隙比和压缩系数)回归模型并对二...