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41.
鲜有出现空气质量问题的北方沿海城市青岛近年来也频频出现重污染天气. 2014年1月青岛市总计出现7 d重污染天气,其中1月15-18日是持续4 d的PM2.5重污染,其余的则分别出现在1月6日、11日和30日.为了获得气象条件对持续重污染天气发展、维持和消除的影响机制,利用激光雷达、大气稳定度仪探测数据以及地面、高空气象观测和空气质量监测数据,重点分析了1月15-18日持续重污染期间青岛市大气边界层气象要素的时间和空间特征.结果表明,2014年1月影响青岛冷空气势力弱、青岛近地面低于3 m/s的风速不利于污染物扩散,66%以上的相对湿度有利于污染物浓度增大.在污染源稳定的背景下,气象要素的差异性导致了污染物浓度时空分布的差异.在持续的弱偏北风下污染物浓度居高不下;在偏南风影响下,污染物浓度趋于下降.边界层内存在高层干冷弱北风和低层暖湿弱南风的风切变、稳定层结、低层相对湿度为70%的高湿大气以及交替出现的近地面南北风是此次重污染持续的主要原因.大气边界层高度变化对污染物浓度具有6 h左右的延迟影响;而低边界层高度、大稳定度因子,低云的存在和较高的污染物浓度之间具有较好的一致性变化趋势.当近地面温度升高、相对湿度减小以及增大的偏南风和存在弱不稳定层结时,有利于提高青岛局地大气扩散能力. 相似文献
42.
复合纳米Fe2O3/TiO2可见光催化降解邻甲酚溶液的研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
以复合纳米Fe2O3/TiO2作为催化剂,日光色镝灯为光源,研究了邻甲酚溶液的可见光降解。考察了催化剂制备方法、催化剂使用量、溶液pH、催化剂重复使用等条件对可见光降解的影响。实验结果表明,1%Fe2O3/TiO2(n)对邻甲酚溶液的可见光降解效果最优,比Ti02(p25)的降解率提高了2.6倍。在实验条件下,可见光降解3h,邻甲酚溶液的浓度去除率达95.4%,TOC去除率为72.3%。在较宽的浓度范围内,邻甲酚的反应服从一级动力学反应方程,随着浓度的增大,反应速率常数不断降低。 相似文献
43.
Phytoplankton variation and its relationship with the environment in Xiangxi Bay in spring after damming of the Three-Gorges, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guangjie Zhou Xuemin Zhao Yonghong Bi Yubin Liang Jianlin Hu Min Yang Yu Mei Kongxian Zhu Lin Zhang Zhengyu Hu 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):125-141
Following the completion of the Three-Gorges Dam, there was a strong spring phytoplankton bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three-Gorges Reservoir. However, our knowledge of relationship between spring phytoplankton bloom and environmental factors was still limited. In this study, phytoplankton species composition, biomass, chlorophyll a concentration and environmental factors at two sampling sites in Xiangxi Bay were investigated during 25 March to 18 May 2007. The Xiangxi Bay was eutrophic with the lowest values of total nitrogen and total phosphorus being 0.80 and 0.07?mg/L, respectively. A total of 66 algal taxa belonging to seven phyla and 45 genera were identified. Peridiniopsis niei Liu was the most abundant species which preferred standing water. Canonical correspondence analysis and correlation analysis revealed that nitrate was significantly associated with phytoplankton growth. The phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration was correlated significantly negatively with nitrate concentration, and nitrate concentration was very low during bloom periods. Heavy rainfall was the main reason of phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration and biomass decreasing and blooms disappearing. In addition, heavy rainfall also brought more nitrate into the Bay which provided sufficient nitrogen source for blooms occurring again. 相似文献
44.
为了较好地分析水-岩作用下库岸边坡消落带岩体的劣化机理,设计进行了考虑库水压力升降变化和浸泡-风干循环的水-岩作用试验。研究结果表明:(1)在水-岩作用过程中,砂岩的单轴抗压强度劣化趋势明显,其中前6期抗压强度劣化趋势较为显著,6次水-岩作用之后,岩样的强度劣化趋势逐渐趋于缓慢。(2)随着水-岩作用周期的增加,岩石内部孔隙、裂隙逐渐发育、汇集,矿物颗粒逐渐软化、分解,使得岩石微观结构逐渐趋于松散。(3)水-岩作用下砂岩劣化的进程中,首先是岩样中胶结物的溶解、溶蚀,然后是失去胶结物包裹的矿物颗粒表面发生水-岩物理化学作用,最后是矿物颗粒本身软化、分解。(4)水-岩作用过程中,岩样内部胶结物的溶解、溶蚀对水-岩作用前期的宏观力学性质影响明显,岩石矿物颗粒本身的软化、分解对水-岩作用后期的力学性质影响明显。相关研究成果可为库岸边坡消落带水-岩作用机理分析提供较好的参考。 相似文献
45.
46.
为探究应力路径对灰岩卸荷力学特性的影响机制,考虑恒偏压卸围压、恒轴压卸围压及加轴压卸围压三种卸荷应力路径,分别进行了卸荷试验和数值模拟,分析了不同卸荷应力路径下灰岩的能量释放规律及细观损伤演化规律。研究结果表明:(1)卸荷应力路径对灰岩宏观力学特性影响显著,恒偏压卸围压路径下,岩样卸荷强度最低, 变形模量与泊松比变化趋势最缓,但变化幅度最大,而加轴压卸围压路径下,其卸荷强度最大,但变形参数变化幅度较小;(2)三种卸荷应力路径下,卸荷过程中耗散能占比大小依次为恒偏压卸围压>恒轴压卸围压>加轴压卸围压,弹性应变能占比大小则为加轴压卸围压>恒轴压卸围压>恒偏压卸围压,说明外力所做的功在恒偏压卸围压方案下多转化为耗散能用于裂纹发育,对应破坏时的损伤变量最大,而加轴压卸围压方案下多转化为弹性应变能储存于岩样内部,卸荷破坏更为突然;(3)数值模拟结果分析发现,恒偏压卸围压方案下,卸荷过程中的裂纹总数量和张拉裂纹占比最大,卸荷损伤程度最高,对应的损伤变量最大,而加轴压卸围压方案下岩样的裂纹数量最少,损伤变量最小,卸荷过程中岩样内部的细观损伤发育规律进一步说明了应力路径对其宏观力学特性的影响。 相似文献
47.
48.
Li Y Su B Liu J Du X Huang G 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(7):771-777
To assess the effects of three types of Mg and P salt mixtures (potassium phosphate [K3PO4]/magnesium sulfate [MgSO4], potassium dihydrogen phosphate [K2HPO4]/MgSO4, KH2PO4/MgSO4) on the conservation of N and the biodegradation of organic materials in an aerobic food waste composting process, batch experiments were undertaken in four reactors (each with an effective volume of 30 L). The synthetic food waste was composted of potatoes, rice, carrots, leaves, meat, soybeans, and seed soil, and the ratio of C and N was 17:1. Runs R1-R3 were conducted with the addition of K3PO4/ MgSO4, K2HPO4/MgSO4, and KH2PO4/MgSO4 mixtures, respectively; run R0 was a blank performed without the addition of Mg and P salts. After composting for 25 days, the degrees of degradation of the organic materials in runs R0-R3 were 53.87, 62.58, 59.14, and 49.13%, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicated that struvite crystals were formed in runs R1-R3 but not in run R0; the gaseous ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) losses in runs R0-R3 were 21.2, 32.8, 12.6, and 3.5% of the initial total N, respectively. Of the tested Mg/P salt mixtures, the K2HPO4/ MgSO4 system provided the best combination of conservation of N and biodegradation of organic materials in this food waste composting process. 相似文献
49.
在第四纪红壤性水稻土(QP)、淀浆白土(WP)、第四纪红土(QR)和赤红壤(LR)上种水稻后,用自制根盒制得各自的根际土和非根际土,以铜为指示离子,研究了土壤对铜吸附的根际效应。结果表明,根系生长使土壤中铜专性吸附载体、pH等因子改变,从而使根际土吸附铜量大于非根际土。QR的铜吸附特征可用Freundlich方程表征,其余土壤可用Langmuir方程描述。铜吸附的根际效应大小依次为QP>WP>LR>QR。起始铜浓度对根际土壤中铜吸附的影响较复杂。除QR外,随样品铜吸附量增加,平衡液pH下降、铜吸附会引起根际土与非根际土pH的差异。 相似文献
50.
Chunyan Yu Hua Wang Xuan Liu Xie Quan Shuo Chen Jianlin Zhang Peng Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(7):1383-1388
To elucidate the effect of nitrite ion (NO2^-) on the photodegradation of organic pollutants, a 300 W mercury lamp and Pyrex tubes restricting the transmission of wavelengths below 290nm were used to simulate sunlight, and the photodegradation processes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with different concentrations of NO2^- in freshwater and seawater were studied. The effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the photolysis of 2,4-D was also demonstrated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results indicated that the 2,4-D photolysis reaction followed the first-order kinetics in freshwater and seawater under different concentrations of NO2^-. Meanwhile, the photochemical reaction rate of 2,4-D increased with increasing concentration of NO2^-. When the concentration of NO2^- was lower than 23 mg/L, the photodegradation rate of 2,4-D in seawater was higher than that in freshwater. However, when the concentration of NO2^- was reached 230 mg/L, 2,4-D degradation slowed down in seawater. It was important to note that EPR spectra showed NO2 radical was generated in the NO5 solution under simulated sunlight irradiation, indicating that 2,4-D photodegradation could be induced by NO2. These results show the key role of NO2^- in photochemistry and are helpful for better understanding of the phototransformation of environmental contaminants in natural aquatic systems. 相似文献