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971.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Rural areas in Northwest China have always been the main concentration of poverty-stricken people in China. In 1986, China listed 665 poor counties... 相似文献
972.
973.
Tian-Yang Zhang Yong-Shan Lu Zhen-Ning Luo Wen-Jun Sun Bin Xu Chen-Yan Hu Yu-Lin Tang Zheng-Yu Dong Xiao-Meng Ren 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(7):141-150
UV/peroxymonosulfate (UV/PMS) advanced oxidation process has attracted significant attention for removal of micropollutants in water. However, during practical water treatment applications, the PMS treatment must be performed before the UV treatment to achieve full contact. In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was selected as the target micropollutant. Four different operational approaches, including UV alone, PMS alone, simultaneous UV/PMS and sequential PMS-UV, were compared for their differences in SMX removal and disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potentials during chlorine-driven disinfection. Among the four approaches, UV/PMS and PMS-UV achieved over 90% removal efficiencies for SMX without substantial differences. For raw water, the trichloronitromethane (TCNM) formation potential after treatment with PMS-UV was lower than that after UV/PMS treatment. The time interval over which the PMS-UV process was conducted had little effect on the final removal efficiency for SMX. However, a brief (5 min) pre-PMS treatment significantly reduced the TCNM formation potential and the genotoxicity from DBPs. The formation risk for TCNM during chlorination increased markedly with increasing PMS dosages, and the appropriate dosage under these experimental conditions was suggested to be 0.5–1.0 mmol/L. Under alkaline conditions, PMS-UV treatment can enhance SMX degradation as well as dramatically reduced the formation potentials for haloketones, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes. This study suggests that proper optimization of UV/PMS processes can remove SMX and reduce its DBP formation. 相似文献
974.
利用生态工程降低湖体含磷量的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在长春南湖实施了生态工程以降低湖体含磷量。 1 996年 ,通过收获水生高等植物和鱼产品带出湖体的磷量分别为 1 49 6kg和 1 89 9kg ,蚌体生长固定的磷量为 1 53 4kg ,三者合计 4 92 9kg ,与湖体每年纳磷量大体持平。实施生态工程后 ,水质明显好转 ,湖水中的总磷浓度逐年下降 ,浮游植物个体密度减小、种类数增加。 相似文献
975.
以眯唑类[PF6]^-型离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim][PF6])、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Hmim][PF6])和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Omim][PF6])对苯胺、对氯苯胺等7种胺类化合物的萃取,考察了溶液初始浓度、相比、盐类、pH及离子液体眯唑基团上取代烷基对萃取平衡的影响,并研究了萃取过程的热效应。实验结果表明:溶液初始浓度对分配系数影响较小;相比10:1是离子液体对胺类化合物的溶解饱和临界点,当相比大于10:1时,分配系数降低;NaCl、K2SO4可以增大萃取分配系数,ZnSO4对分配系数几乎没有影响;pH增加,分配系数增大;离子液体对不同取代基的胺类萃取能力有较大的差异,咪唑基团上取代烷基的长度对不同胺类物质的分配系数影响较显著;萃取过程属于焓增大的吸热过程。 相似文献
976.
Xiao Sun Zuojun Liu Guilong Zhang Guannan Qiu Naiqin Zhong Lifang Wu 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):901-907
Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution. 相似文献
977.
含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水的有效处理是近年来困扰油田三次采油生产的一个难题。研究采用移动床生物膜技术与O3/UV/H2O2高级氧化技术的组合方法来处理含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水。实验结果表明,移动床生物膜技术可以有效去除污水中的石油类有机物,但对聚丙烯酰胺几乎无效果。O3/UV/H2O2高级氧化技术可以降解污水中的聚丙烯酰胺。组合方法处理后的含聚丙烯酰胺采油污水水质可以达到污水综合排放标准中的一级要求。 相似文献
978.
Temperature profile across the combustion zone propagating through an iron particle cloud 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jin-hua Sun Ritsu Dobashi Toshisuke Hirano 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2001,14(6):463-467
Knowledge of the mechanism of combustion zone propagation during dust explosion is of great importance to prevent damage caused by accidental dust explosions. In this study, the temperature profile across the combustion zone propagating through an iron particle cloud is measured experimentally by a thermocouple to elucidate the propagation mechanism. The measured temperature starts to increase slowly at a position about 5 mm ahead of the leading edge of the combustion zone, increases quickly at a position about 3 mm ahead of the leading edge, reaches a maximum value near the end of the combustion zone, and then decreases. As the iron particle concentration increases, the maximum temperature increases at lower concentration, takes a maximum value, and then decreases at higher concentration. The relation between the propagation velocity of the combustion zone and the maximum temperature is also examined. It is found that the propagation velocity has a linear relationship with the maximum temperature. This result suggests that the conductive heat transfer is dominant in the propagation process of the combustion zone through an iron particle cloud. 相似文献
979.
事故隐患是指作业场所、设备及设施的不安全状态,人的不安全行为和管理上的缺陷,是引发安全事故的直接原因。重大事故隐患是指可能导致重大人身伤亡或重大经济损失的事故隐患,加强对重大事故隐患的控制管理,对于预防特大安全事故有着重要意义。 相似文献
980.