固定化絮凝剂-催化电极协同治理染整污水研究

以颗粒状沸石为载体 ,表面涂履碱式聚合氯化铝而制备成固定化絮凝剂 ;以金属钛为载体 ,表面修饰钌氧化物膜 ,制备成催化电极 ,染整工业污水在以固定化絮凝剂 -催化电极填充的絮凝电氧化床内 ,于 4.0V恒电压和 30℃下催化电解 5h ,可达工业污水排放标准。     

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm). ● Enhancement factor of V-shaped substrate can reach 20 in microplastics detection. ● V-shaped nanopore array can bring additional volume enhancement. ● V-shaped substrate was more economic in application compared to Klarite substrate. Research on the microplastics (MPs) is developing towards smaller size, but corresponding methods for the rapid and accurate detection of microplastics, especially nanoplastics still present challenge. In this work, a novel surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate was developed for the rapid detection of microplastic particles below 5 μm. The gold nanoparticles (NPs) were deposited onto the surface and into the V-shaped nanopores of anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) through magnetron sputtering or ion sputtering, and then AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was obtained and studied for microplastic detection. SERS performance of AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate was evaluated through the detection of polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate microspheres. Results indicated that individual polystyrene sphere with a diameter of 1 μm can be well detected on AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate, and the maximum enhancement factor (EF) can reach 20. In addition, microplastics in ambient atmospheric samples were collected and tested to verify the effectiveness of the AuNPs@V-shaped AAO SERS substrate in the real environment. This study provides a rapid, economic and simple method for detecting and identifying microplastics with small size.     

Scale and causes of lead contamination in Chinese tea

We investigated the scale and causes of Pb contamination in Chinese tea. Lead concentrations in 1,225 tea samples collected nationally between 1999 and 2001 varied from <0.2 to 97.9 mg kg(-1) dry weight (DW), with 32% of the samples exceeding the national maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of 2.0 mg kg(-1) DW and a significant difference between tea types. There was an increasing trend in tea Pb concentration from 1989 to 2000. Proximity to highway and surface dust contamination were found to cause elevated Pb concentrations in tea leaves. Furthermore, Pb concentration in tea leaves correlated significantly and positively with soil extractable Pb, and negatively with soil pH, suggesting that root uptake of Pb from soils also contributed to Pb accumulation in tea. Potential contributions to human Pb intake from drinking tea were small at the median or national MPC Pb values, but considerable at the highest concentration found in the study.     

板料成形过程数值模拟中的动态接触条件处理

为了解决板料成形过程数值模拟中非线性边界条件问题,本文提出并建立了控制约束的描述方法、接触结点、确定的新方法——垂足法、计算接触应力的剪应力法、以及处理非线性滑动接触边界条件的降阶-摩擦载荷迭代法.经实际模拟计算,证明了这些方法的正确性.     

高性能聚乙烯纤维手套防护性能研究

采用实验室测试和现场调查相结合的方法,测试了高性能聚乙烯纤维手套的防护性能,调查手套的适应性、防护时间和费用支出,探讨了其应用前景。     

CLR反应器处理垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液的实验研究

CLR反应器是在IC反应器的基础上优化的厌氧反应装置,详细介绍了改进的工艺和实验方案,对垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的渗滤液,采用CLR厌氧反应器进行实验研究,结果表明：在中温的环境下,CLR厌氧进水COD从4 200 mg/L逐渐提高到42 000 mg/L的情况下,并稳定进水COD浓度42 000 mg/L左右时,出水COD在8 400 mg/L左右,COD去除率为80％以上.CLR反应器处理实际渗滤液的负荷能够达到42 kgCOD/（m3·d）,产气效率为0.4L沼气/gCOD,从处理效果的分析为生产规模工程设计提供参考.     

华北地区霾期间对流层中低层气溶胶垂直分布

基于美国宇航局(NASA)的CALIPSO星载激光雷达监测数据,通过分析总后向散射系数、体积退偏比和色比,对华北地区2007年1月1日至2008年12月31日期间出现灰霾时对流层中低层气溶胶光学和微物理特性的垂直分布进行了研究.结果表明:灰霾期间对于4 km以下的对流层中低层大气总体来说,非球形气溶胶出现频率略高于球形气溶胶,小粒径气溶胶出现频率高于大粒径气溶胶.在4 km以下的大气中,气溶胶出现频率在1 ～2 km高度范围内最高,在2～3 km高度范围内最低;球形气溶胶在2～3 km高度范围内出现频率最高,非球形气溶胶出现频率在1 ～2 km高度范围内最高;大粒径气溶胶在l～2 km高度范围内出现频率最高,小粒径气溶胶在0～1 km高度范围内出现频率最高.     

液桥凝聚用于办公废纸脱墨的研究

研究了混合办公废纸脱墨的选择性凝聚技术，在废纸浆中添加分散在水中并不与水相溶的长链烷作凝聚剂，这些凝聚剂选择性地将印刷墨粉通过液桥连结在一起，且形成大颗粒的球形聚团，再分选脱除。研究表明只需要加入占纸重量4％的廉价长链烷，即可获得95％以上的脱墨率。因此在混合办公废纸脱墨时加入凝聚剂进行液桥凝聚，可降低脱墨浆中的尘埃度并增加产品的白度。     

Impacts of climate change on water resources in the Yellow River basin and identification of global adaptation strategies

Climate change is a global environmental issue, which is challenging water resources management and practices. This study investigates the impact of climate change on water resources of the Yellow River basin, a major grain-producing area in China, and provides recommendations on strategies to increase adaptive capacity and resilience in the basin region. Results show that the recorded stream flows of the Yellow River declined from 1951 to 2010 and have decreased significantly in the middle and lower reaches. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model performs well as a tool to simulate monthly discharge of both the tributary catchments and the whole Yellow River basin. Temperature across the Yellow River basin over 2021–2050 is expected to continue to rise with an average rates of approximately 0.039–0.056 °C/annum. The average annual precipitation in the basin is projected to increase by 1.28–3.29 % compared with the 1991–2010 baseline. Runoff during 2021–2050 is projected to decrease by 0.53–9.67 % relative to 1991–2010 with high decadal and spatial variability. This is likely due to the model’s projections of a significant rise in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns. Climate change will likely aggravate the severity and frequency of both water shortages and flooding in the basin region. It is therefore essential to devote sufficient attention on structural and non-structural measures for the Yellow River basin to cope with climate change. At the global level, strategies to increase adaptive capacity and build resilience to climate change focus on public education to improve awareness of climate risks, implementing the integrated water resources management and planning based on impact assessments.