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Xiao J Zhu J Chen S Ruan W Miller C 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2007,42(6):749-757
Experiments were carried out in two steps to determine the effect of anaerobically digested swine manure on soybean cyst nematode (SCN) egg control. In the first step, liquid swine manure underwent anaerobic digestion to search for the best digestion time for both volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonium nitrogen (NH(4)(+)) enrichment. The results showed that about 17 and 28 days of incubation were needed, respectively, to reach the maximal levels of VFA and NH(4)(+) in the manure. In the second step, raw, VFA-enriched, and NH(4)(+)-enriched manure were applied separately, at four different rates (25, 50, 100, and 200 mL/pot), to soil pots inoculated with nematode eggs in a greenhouse environment. Soil samples were collected 35 and 61 days after inoculation to determine the effect of such treated manure on SCN egg productivity. The data indicated that the SCN egg counts were inversely related to the manure application rates in a linear manner with correlation coefficients of 0.998, 0.967, and 0.900 for raw, NH(4)(+)-enriched, and VFA-enriched manure for the 35-day samples. While no such relationships were found for the 61-day samples, implying that none of the treatments were still effective 61 days after application. At the four application rates, the VFA-enriched manure performed best in reducing SCN egg counts (by 18.1, 19.5, 34.3, and 18.6%) as compared to the raw manure treatment. In contrast, the NH(4)(+)-enriched manure achieved mostly negative reductions. To achieve the best control of SCN egg growth, the VFA-enriched manure should be used and applied to soybean fields every 35 days. 相似文献
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Jun Zhu Curtis Miller Fei Yu Paul Chen Roger Ruan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):393-401
In this paper, continuous production of hydrogen through fermentation with liquid swine manure as substrate was researched using a semi-continuously fed fermenter (8 L in total volume and 4 L in working volume). The pH and temperature for the fermenter were controlled at 5.3 ± 0.1 and 35 ± 1°C, respectively, throughout the experiment. Three hydraulic retention times (16, 20, and 24 h) were investigated for their impact on the efficiency and performance of the fermenter in terms of hydrogen yields. The results indicate that hydraulic retention time (HRT) has a strong influence on the fermenter performance. An increasing HRT would increase the variation in hydrogen concentration in the offgas. To produce hydrogen with a fairly consistent concentration, the HRT of the fermenter should not exceed 16 h, which, however, did not appear to be short enough to control methanogenesis because the offgas still contained about 5% methane. When methane content in the offgas exceeded 2%, an inverse linear relationship between hydrogen and methane was observed with a correlation coefficient of 0.9699. To increase hydrogen content in the offgas, methane production has to be limited to below 2%. Also, keeping oxygen content in the fermenter below 1.5% would increase the hydrogen concentration to over 15%. The product to substrate ratio was found to be around 50% for the fermenter system studied, evidenced by the observation that for every 6 liters of manure fermented, 3 liters of pure hydrogen were produced, which was significant and encouraging. 相似文献
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近10年来苏门答腊俯冲带大震频发,并引发灾难性海啸,使之成为全球关注的焦点。特别是2004年和2012年的两次大震所带来的科学问题在许多方面超出现有认识。国际上对苏门答腊地区已开展了大量的地质学、地球物理学等多方面的调查研究,应用了许多新方法并取得了许多新认识。解读苏门答腊的构造背景和地质演化史对于认识俯冲型大地震的产生机理是必要的,对此类地震的发生过程和规律的研究,对于理解海啸产生的条件和防灾减灾有十分重要的现实意义。本文对苏门答腊地区的地震活动和深部构造进行了详细分析,对近年关于该地区的世界性研究成果进行了总结,梳理出若干亟待研究的科学问题,进而提出开展苏门答腊俯冲带地震3D层析成像的具体实施路线。 相似文献
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为明确珠海市地表沉降s时序变化特征及其原因,通过PSInSAR技术对2017-2019年55景Sentinel-1A数据进行处理和分析,利用CORS站设置连续观测水准点的方法对获取的沉降结果进行验证。结果表明,该方法监测结果与水准测量成果间的相关系数R 2为0.6420,RMSE为3.8114mm/y,珠海市明显沉降区域主要分布在高栏港经济区,鸡啼门河道两侧和白蕉镇,以及横琴新区,调查发现沉降原因主要是人为的填海造陆及未固结软土下沉,其中由于工程建设导致的沉降占总沉降面积的8.74%,填海造成的沉降占17.75%,由于未固结软土下沉导致的沉降占73.51%。研究结果可为珠海市的城市建设和灾害防治提供科学依据。 相似文献
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结合近几年常州市武进区省级水质自动监测站运行管理中的一些经验,对水质自动监测容易产生的问题进行介绍,同时对这些问题的解决方法和对策进行总结。 相似文献
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