悬铃木果毛基α-FeOOH光催化还原去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的性能和机理

选用经氢氧化钠和纤维素酶预处理的悬铃木果毛(ae-PAF)作为载体,通过一步水热法得到悬铃木果毛基α-FeOOH复合材料(α-FeOOH@ae-PAF),利用SEM、FT-IR和XRD对样品进行表征,详细考察了样品对Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原去除性能.实验结果表明,预处理实现了悬铃木果毛表面蜡质及纤维素组分的去除,水热法得到的α-FeOOH@ae-PAF较好地保持了悬铃木果毛的中空管状结构,复合材料表面粗糙;在50 mL浓度为20 mg·L^-1且pH=2的Cr(Ⅵ)水溶液中加入10 mg负载量为20%的α-FeOOH@ae-PAF复合材料,40℃下紫外光催化70 min可使Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到99.47%.机理分析证实,α-FeOOH@ae-PAF复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的高效光催化还原去除是基于α-FeOOH@ae-PAF复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)吸附性能的差异,由α-FeOOH光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)所生成的Cr(Ⅲ)能够优势地吸附在复合材料中,实现了Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化还原与Cr(Ⅲ)的吸附转移之间的协同,从而有效提高了体系对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除能力.     

SPOT遥感数据在崇明东滩景观分类研究中的应用

以崇明东滩这一河口潮滩湿地为研究对象,利用ERDASIMAGINE图像处理软件,结合地面景观类型调查,对其1988年和2002年的SPOT遥感数据进行监督分类;对监督分类结果进行人机交互目视解译纠正,得到精度较高的崇明岛东部海岸带的景观图,并可此基础上进一步进行各种景观特征的定量分析和景观变化研究。最后讨论了不同研究目的对景观分类精度的要求,以及所采用信息源的分辨率能够划分至最细的景观要素类型。     

Y型沸石膜的制备及在二氯乙烷和氮气混合物分离中的应用

在多孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管的外表面水热合成NaY型沸石膜,用XRD及SEM表征所合成的膜.并将合成出的膜用于分离二氯乙烷和氮气的混合物,考察了不同压力差对分离效果的影响.实验结果表明,将渗透压差控制在50 kPa,既可保证有较高的渗透率,又有一定的分离因数.     

氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在PVA凝胶膜中的扩散性能

用冷冻-解冻法制备PVA凝胶膜,测定了氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在PVA凝胶膜中的扩散系数,考察了成膜条件和细胞密度对扩散系数的影响.结果表明,扩散系数随冷冻-解冻次数、PVA溶液的浓度及细胞密度的增大而减小. 氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在15% PVA的空白膜中的扩散系数分别为0.69×10^-9 m²/s, 0.52×10^-9m²/s和0.56×10^-9 m²/s; 在细胞浓度为60g/L的PVA膜中的扩散系数分别为0.55×10^-9 m²/s, 0.46×10^-9 m²/s和0.45×10^-9 m²/s.     

中孔活性炭对水溶液中Cr3+的吸附

采用模板法和氢氧化钾化学活化法制备出不同中孔率的中孔活性炭并用于水中Cr3+的静态吸附,探讨了中孔活性炭吸附Cr3+的影响因素.实验结果表明,当溶液pH为6.0、吸附温度为50℃、吸附时间为120min、活性炭加入量为2.0g/L以及活性炭中孔率为80.0％～90.0％时.中孔活性炭对溶液中Cr3+的去除率达到98.5％.分别采用Langmuir和Freundlich方程拟合活性炭对Cr3+吸附的等温线,发现Langmuir等温吸附模型对活性炭吸附Cr3+拟合程度更好.活性炭中孔率的增大有利于提高Cr3+的平衡吸附量,但同时还受到活性炭表面酸总量的影响.吸附Cr3+前、后活性炭的FTIR谱图表明,Cr3+与活性炭表面含氧官能团发生了离子交换反应.     

炭素焙烧炉沥青烟静电除尘技术

针对炭素焙烧炉含尘低浓度高温沥青烟，优化设计方案，采用干式、湿式预处理和静电净化两级处理，先除去大粒径烟尘，降低烟尘温度，降低电阻率，后静电净化沥青烟。系统具有自动控制，节电节能，除尘效率高等特点。     

Changes in Soil Properties After Establishment of Artemisia halodendron and Caragana microphylla on Shifting Sand Dunes in Semiarid Horqin Sandy Land, Northern China

In the semiarid Horqin sandy land of northern China, establishment of artificial sand-fixing shrubs on desertified sandy lands is an effective measure to control desertification and improve the regional environment. Caragana microphylla Lam. and Artemisia halodendron Turcz. ex Bess. are two of the dominant native shrub species, which are adapted well to windy and sandy environments, and thus, are widely used in revegetation programs to control desertification in Horqin region. To assess the effects of artificially planting these two shrub species on restoration of desertified sandy land, soil properties and plant colonization were measured 6 years after planting shrubs on shifting sand dunes. Soil samples were taken from two depths (0–5 cm and 5–20 cm) under the shrub canopy, in the mid-row location (alley) between shrub belts, and from nonvegetated shifting sand dune (as a control). Soil fine fractions, soil water holding capacity, soil organic C and total N have significantly increased, and pH and bulk density have declined at the 0–5-cm topsoil in both C. microphylla and A. halodendron. At the 5–20 cm subsurface soil, changes in soil properties are not significant, with exception of bulk density and organic C concentration under the canopy of A. halodendron and total N concentration under the canopy of C. microphylla. Soil amelioration processes are initiated under the shrub canopies, as higher C and N concentrations were found under the canopies compared with alleys. At the same time, the establishment of shrubs facilitates the colonization and development of herbaceous species. A. halodendron proved to have better effects in fixing the sand surface, improving soil properties, and restoring plant species in comparison to C. microphylla.     

浅论洪水的完全影响

对洪水、洪水灾害及洪灾损失重新进行了定义，并简要论述了洪水对家庭、社会及自然环境的影响。     

大型LPG罐区火灾爆炸事故后果评估

针对大型LPG(液化石油气)储罐区潜在的火灾爆炸危险性，建立了喷射火、火球、UVCE爆炸和BLEVE爆炸的数学伤害模型，对其发生火灾、爆炸后人员和建筑(设备)所受到的伤害和损伤进行了定量后果评估。