Seasonal microbial community shift in a saline sewage treatment plant

Activated sludge was monthly sampled from a saline sewage treatment plant of Hong Kong (China) during June 2007 to May 2008 to analyze the microbial community shift along with environmental variations using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA fragments. Environmental changes resulted into a seasonal microbial community shift characterized by alterations in species number and abundance in the sewage treatment plant. Correspondence analysis and cluster analysis on community structure profile showed that the 12 monthly samples fell into four groups, which is in accordance with season changing in Hong Kong. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that PO₄^3t- -P and NH₄⁺ -N posed more significant effects on community structure than total phosphorus and total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with sludge retention time, influent total phosphorus had an inverse effect on the community structure shift, and chemical oxygen demand and NH₄⁺ -N showed a similar effects. Results of this study may contribute to the development of new knowledge involving the microbial community shift in sewage treatment plants.     

加油站油气排放处理装置的研发与应用

通过对国内外加油站油气排放处理工艺方法调研,结合国内加油站实际情况,进行膜组件筛选、实验室测试、工业化测试,完成了带净化器的膜式冷凝加油站油气排放处理装置的研发,在北京15座加油站应用效果较好。     

奥林匹克森林公园典型人工林地非点源污染输出特征分析

选取北京奥林匹克森林公园的典型人工林地为研究对象,通过对天然降雨径流过程及泥沙、氮、磷等污染物浓度随径流变化过程的监测,研究公园典型密草林她覆盖下,不同坡形及人工沟渠汇流条件下的径流及污染物浓度、形态和负荷的输出特征.结果表明,相同降雨条件下,林地1的坡长/坡宽比小,径流深度大,林地1坡度较大的草皮型汇流沟渠对径流的削...     

危险化学品安全中介咨询机构在事故应急管理体系中的作用

本文分析了危险化学品安全中介咨询机构的发展和现状,总结了当前我国城市事故应急管理体系存在的问题,并在此基础上探讨了危险化学品安全中介咨询机构在我国目前城市危险化学品安全监管和事故应急体系框架中发挥的作用.     

固定化微生物降解油田废水技术评述

固定化微生物技术因处理效率高、抗冲击能力强、固液分离效果好、污泥产生量少等优点而广泛用于难降解有机废水的处理。文章简要介绍了固定化微生物技术的起源,发展过程,制备材料和方法,特点和优点;对其高效降解油田废水的机理进行了分析,综述了固定化微生物技术在高盐采油废水、稠油废水、舍聚废水、石油污染地表水等油田废水处理中的应用研究,对固定化微生物技术进一步提高油田废水降解效率的研究方向提出了建议。     

基于海平面上升的辽东湾绥中海岸侵蚀危险度评估

辽东湾绥中海岸侵蚀给当地人民的生产和生活带来严重危害。因面临海岸侵蚀的较高危险性,促使绥中沿海地区海岸侵蚀灾害危险性研究备受关注。海平面上升被认为是我国海岸侵蚀灾害危险度的重要自然因素。利用Bruun法则对辽东湾葫芦岛的绥中岸段海岸侵蚀进行评估和预测。根据海平面上升高度数据,结合基于海平面上升的岸线后退计算模型,在GIS平台下,得到绥中岸段现状及未来100年内的海岸侵蚀灾害危险度空间分布结果。研究成果显示绥中岸段在2009-2012年期间基于海平面上升的岸线蚀退权重约为21%,但是,在未来100年内,基于海平面上升的海岸侵蚀宽度可能超过176 m,海平面上升而对岸线蚀退的贡献权重增加到约为32%,大部分地区呈现明显的强侵蚀和严重侵蚀状态。因此,基于未来海平面上升导致的海岸侵蚀危险度预测对海岸侵蚀研究具有重要意义。     

安徽北部涡河断裂第四纪活动特征及地震危险性初步研究

涡河断裂整体走向310°左右,全长约190 km,断裂在卫星影像图和区域重、磁异常图上均有明显显示,是安徽北部一条重要的第四纪活动断裂。本文通过采用高精度重力测量法和激发极化电测深法,对研究区进行物探勘测工作,确定了断裂的大致位置及产出状态,认为涡河断裂埋深150 m左右,断层宽度约为150~200 m,倾角近直立,具正断层性质。结合野外地质调查情况及前人资料,综合分析认为涡河断裂第四纪以来具有较强的活动性,是一条影响范围较广、规模较大的断裂。通过分析涡河断裂与近EW向横向构造的关系,将断裂分成北、中、南三段;结合地震空区理论分析认为南段未来发生Ms5级以上地震的危险性最大,其最大震级在5.5级与6级之间。     

喷水对火箭射流噪声的影响研究

火箭噪声将对运载火箭的载荷、结构、地面设施产生极为不利的影响,针对火箭发射时所产生的强噪声问题,通过分析火箭射流噪声的气动特性,利用喷水试验和有限体积计算方法获得喷水对射流噪声的降噪量,得到了喷水质量流率对有效燃气参数的影响规律,为发射台的设计提供了技术依据。     

PCDD/Fs in soil around a hospital waste incinerator: comparison after three years of operation

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) can be formed during the cooling of flue gases in waste incinerator. These pollutants are either in the gas phase or attached to the fine particles, escaping dust collection. After stack emission, they are slowly oxidized photochemically (gas phase), or eventually are deposited (dry and wet deposition of particulate) in earth surface. In 2007 and 2010, 11 soil samples were collected in the vicinity of a hospital waste incinerator (HWI), prior and after its startup. In order to find out any variation of PCDD/Fs in soil, in brief dioxins, their concentrations were analyzed by high-resolution gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Compared to the baseline survey (2007), PCDD/Fs in soil significantly increased, by average, +81.6% in total PCDD/Fs and +132.7% in international toxic equivalency (I-TEQ) unit. By principal component analysis (PCA), both the PCDD/Fs homologue and the HxCDF isomer profile in soil were found to become more similar with fly ash. Generally, this incinerator influences the soil only in a limited area. More comprehensive supervision, stricter management and more advanced technology should be implemented in this plant to reduce pollutants emission, even though the level of PCDD/Fs in soil is quite low at present.     

广州珠江表层沉积物中石油烃分布特征研究

对珠江广州段7个采样点的表层沉积物中的石油烃浓度进行了测定,结果表明广州珠江表层沉积物中的石油烃污浓度水平在288.62~725.13μg/g之间。市区南航道、后航道浓度相对较高,前航道黄埔涌口(Ⅶ号点)附近石油烃浓度已接近海洋第二类沉积物标准值;西航道至前航道和南航道、平洲水道至后航道沿程石油类浓度与有机质含量逐渐升高,说明广州市区是造成石油及有机污染的主要区域。与有机质含量及沉积物粒度的相关性分析发现,表层沉积物中石油烃浓度与有机质水平存在非常显著的正相关关系(相关系数r=0.987,P<0.01);与粘粒组分存在显著的正相关关系,相关系数(r=0.885,P<0.05),而与砂粒组分成非常显著的负相关关系(r=-0.919,P<0.01)。