广西建设项目环境监理发展现状和对策研究

介绍了我国建设项目环境监理工作的起源和发展,以及广西环境监理工作的现状;梳理了试点省份建设项目环境监理的主要做法、成功经验和存在问题;重点对其工作管理模式、监管要求、收费标准及对机构、人员素质的要求等加以总结;针对广西建设项目环境监理管理体系尚未建立等实际,提出了当前广西环境监理初步发展的建议。     

基于IHS-RELM的回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测

针对回采工作面瓦斯涌出这样复杂的动态变化系统,提出了改进的和声搜索算法(IHS)与正则极速学习机(RELM)相结合的预测方法。对和声搜索算法的基本原理进行了研究,通过采用动态变化的PAR和BW值,优化和声搜索算法的全局搜索能力;利用IHS选取RELM中的输入层权值(IW)和隐含层阈值(B),以均方根误差为目标函数,提高了算法的预测精度。仿真实验结果表明,通过与已有的BP神经网络和SVM预测模型作对比,该方法具有更好的预测效果。     

Nitric oxide removal by wastewater bacteria in a biotrickling filter

Nitric oxide(NO) is one of the most important air pollutants in atmosphere mainly emitted from combustion source. A biotrickling filter was designed and operated to remove NO from an air stream using bacteria extracted from the sewage sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant. To obtain the best operation conditions for the biotrickling filter, orthogonal experiments(L9(34)) were designed. Inlet oxygen concentration was found to be the most significant factor of the biotrickling filter and has a significant negative effect on the system. The optimal conditions of the biotrickling filter occurred at a temperature of 40℃, a pH of 8.0 and a chemical oxygen demand of 165 mg/L in the recycled water with no oxygen in the system. The bacteria sample was detected by DNA sequencing technology and showed 93%–98% similarity to Pseudomonas mendocina. Moreover, a full gene sequencing results indicated the bacterium was a brand new strain and named as P. mendocina DLHK. This strain can transfer nitrate to organic nitrogen. The result suggested the assimilation nitrogen process in this system. Through the isotope experimental analysis, two intermediate products(15NO and 15N2O) were found. The results indicated the denitrification function and capability of the biotrickling filter in removing NO.     

美国自助加油安全法规浅析及国内现状分析

回顾了自助加油的发展历程,对美国的自助加油安全法规进行了分析,针对目前我国自助加油存在的问题,提出了建议。     

Mechanism of Hg oxidation in the presence of HCl over a commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor containing a commercial V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of HCl and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved significantly in the presence of HCl and O₂, and the Hg⁰ oxidation efficiencies decreased slowly as the temperature increased from 200 to 400°C. Upon pretreatment with HCl and O₂ at 350°C, the catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation. Notably, the effect of pretreatment with HCl alone was not obvious. For the catalyst treated with HCl and O₂, better performance was observed with lower reaction temperatures. The results showed that both HCl and Hg⁰ were first adsorbed onto the catalyst and then reacted with O₂ following its adsorption, which indicates that the oxidation of Hg⁰ over the commercial catalyst followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Several characterization techniques, including Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption (Hg-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed in this work. Hg-TPD profiles showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound species in the presence of HCl and O₂. XPS patterns indicated that new chemisorbed oxygen species were formed by the adsorption of HCl, which consequently facilitated the oxidation of mercury.     

罗时江湿地对总氮、总磷削减效果的初步分析

本研究考察了罗时江湿地对污染水体中总氮和总磷的脱除效率,湿地出口处与入口处总氮总磷的变化规律及总磷、总氮的综合降解系数。结果表明:罗时江湿地对总氮的平均去除效率为50.8%,对总磷的平均去除效率为24.4%;湿地出口水体总氮含量的变化与入口水体总氮含量的变化不一致,出口水体中总磷含量的变化与入口水体中总磷含量的变化基本保持一致;总氮、总磷的平均综合降解系数分别为0.414d-1、0.225d-1。     

关于建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准的若干思路

环保应用是一种典型的多行业、多类型的大数据综合业务应用.当前,仅我国环保应用的数据类型就高达几十种,来源于不同的数据生产部门,其组织管理的方式、标准、参考体系也各不相同,给环境大数据的快速形成与综合应用提出了挑战.本文从环境大数据的概念和需求开始,结合国内外技术发展的现状,讨论了发展建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准的必要性与优势;基于国家973 项目的 理论研究成果,提出了建立我国统一的空 、天、地一体化环境大数据网格组织标准的框架体系,并研究了基于网格框架的环境大数据形成制、应用思路、关键技术及实现方法; 最后,结合我国环境大数据与 信息技术发展的现状,提出了建立我国环境大数据网格组织标准体系的几点发展建议.     

MBR工艺处理螺旋霉素制药废水过程中抗生素耐药菌与抗性基因的研究

抗生素废水含有大量的抗生素耐药菌(antibiotic resistant bacteria,ARB)与抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs),处理排放后可能增强受纳环境的微生物抗性,因此有必要深入研究抗生素废水处理过程中ARB与ARGs的削减效果及其影响因素。本研究采用膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor,MBR)工艺处理螺旋霉素制药废水,考察了不同水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)对ARB与ARGs削减效果的影响。结果表明,虽然在HRT=30 h时MBR对COD与氨氮的去除率略高于HRT=40 h,但HRT=40 h时,不仅总异养菌与肠球菌的去除效果更佳,出水肠球菌耐药率及携带的抗性基因检出率也更低,而且MBR对废水中erm B、erm F、erm X、mef A、ere A、mph B和转移元件ISCR 1、Tn 916/1545相对丰度的削减效果更好。这表明长HRT更有利于MBR工艺削减螺旋霉素废水的耐药菌与抗性基因。     

采用膜污染指数评估天然有机物在低压超滤膜中的污染行为

针对超滤膜的过滤特性,采用膜污染指数（FI）来研究天然有机物（NOM）的膜污染行为.实验中,腐殖酸（HA）、牛血清蛋白（BSA）以及海藻酸钠（NaAlg）被用作模型有机物进行超滤膜污染研究.结果表明,NOM-膜滤先后经过快反应和慢反应污染阶段,其中快反应膜污染指数（TFIF）远大于慢反应膜污染指数（TFIS）.说明短时间内NOM容易在低压膜上积累,造成通量迅速下降,引起较为严重的污染.因此,反应最初阶段,低压膜与有机物的作用决定了整个膜污染的趋势.经过水力清洗,通量有一定恢复,膜阻力降低,能够去除部分污染物,但仍有少量有机物附着在膜丝,从而造成不可逆污染.3种有机物造成的不可逆污染比例依次为BSA〉HA〉NaAlg,而通过化学清洗后,其不可逆污染比例依次为：NaAlg〉BSA〉HA,腐殖酸和蛋白容易造成不可逆污染,但碱洗易于除去,多糖造成的不可逆污染相对较轻,但碱洗难以去除.污染物与膜之间的相互作用可能是造成污染的主要原因.总的说来,FI计算方法简单,能够综合描述膜污染情况,具有一定的应用价值.     

太阳能光伏废水处理设施脱氮功能优化实例

某太阳能光伏企业的生产废水约4000 m³/d,废水中的主要污染物是少量的氟离子和大量硝态氮,原废水工艺中缺少去除硝态氮的功能。在原废水处理设施基础上,将生化处理工艺优化为“A/O反硝化”工艺,增加碳源投加设备。工程实践表明,工艺优化后,硝态氮得以有效去除,TN去除率达到95%,出水水质达到《电池工业污染物排放标准》(GB30484—2013)表2的间接标准。