蚯蚓对植物修复石油烃污染土壤的影响

石油使用量的增大导致石油污染量的增加.为经济有效地修复低污染浓度的石油烃污染土壤,了解蚯蚓对植物去除土壤石油烃的影响,探讨蚯蚓对土壤石油烃污染的修复效应,通过人工制备石油烃污染土壤,采用植物[紫茉莉（Mirabilis jalapa L.）、凤仙花（Impatiens balsamina L.）、西伯利亚鸢尾（Iris sibirica L.）]以及植物-蚯蚓[赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia foetda）]两种处理模式进行60 d的盆栽试验,通过测定土壤中w（石油烃）、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化来解析蚯蚓对植物修复土壤石油烃效率的影响.结果表明:相同处理条件下,凤仙花、紫茉莉与西伯利亚鸢尾土壤中石油烃去除率分别为36.32%、32.70%、29.82%,凤仙花的土壤修复效果最佳.添加蚯蚓后,对应凤仙花、紫茉莉与西伯利亚鸢尾土壤中石油烃的去除率分别为40.73%、36.10%、32.80%,显著高于未添加蚯蚓土壤,表明添加蚯蚓能够促进植物对土壤中石油烃的修复效果.土壤修复过程中过氧化氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性总体呈上升趋势,添加蚯蚓对土壤酶活性具有刺激作用.土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性均与w（石油烃）呈显著负相关（相关系数分别为-0.79和-0.90,P均小于0.05）,说明土壤中过氧化氢酶与多酚氧化酶可能参与了土壤中石油烃的降解过程.研究显示,蚯蚓能够强化植物对石油污染土壤的修复效果,为植物/蚯蚓联合修复石油污染土壤提供了技术依据.      

海水淡化原水预处理工艺筛选评估体系

针对海水淡化预处理工艺特征形成了海水淡化原水预处理工艺（药剂）库,建立了预处理工艺筛选评估指标体系;而后利用多准则决策理论,构建了基于熵权法和逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）的海水淡化原水预处理工艺筛选评估模型,并实现程序设计,用以筛选出适合的预处理工艺;最后通过一个实例验证方法可行性,结果证明本体系可以有效辅助海水淡化原水预处理工艺的筛选评估,实现科学决策.     

基于SEM-EDS的大气降尘特征及来源解析——以荒漠草原区井工开采煤炭基地为例

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜-配能谱分析系统（SEM-EDS）于2019年3~5月对荒漠草原区煤炭基地及其周边5个功能区（煤炭工业区、煤炭运输道路、电力工业区、商住区和沙区）共计23个大气降尘样品的粒径特征、微观形貌、单颗粒能谱图进行检测分析.结果表明,各功能区大气降尘中颗粒物总体形貌基本相似,均包括近球状、类椭球状、颗粒状、块状和柱状/片状颗粒物以及烟尘集合体.此外,煤炭运输道路、电力工业区和商住区还存在球状颗粒物.各功能区大气降尘以>10μm颗粒物为主,其中,电力工业区、商住区、沙区和煤炭工业区大气降尘平均粒径均>100μm,且总量超过65%,煤炭运输道路大气降尘平均粒径为67.59μm,粒径>50μm的颗粒物量占53%.大气降尘主要由细粉砂、粗粉砂和细砂组成.大气降尘中颗粒物的类型包括存在于各功能区中的硅酸盐矿物（石英、钾长石和斜长石）、碳酸盐矿物（方解石和白云石）、硫酸盐矿物（石膏）和高岭石,存在于煤炭运输道路、煤炭工业区和电力工业区中的富铁颗粒,存在于煤炭工业区中的铁镁颗粒,存在于煤炭运输道路、煤炭工业区、电力工业区和商住区中的烟尘集合体和燃煤飞灰.大气降尘来源主要为本地源,包括各功能区中均存在的地表扬尘、工业扬尘、建筑扬尘和大气中二次化学反应产物,煤炭运输道路、煤炭工业区和电力工业区中存在的机动车零件磨损产物,以及煤炭运输道路、煤炭工业区、电力工业区和商住区中存在的机动车尾气排放和燃煤产物.     

2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs去除及排放水平变化监测分析

汽油储油库是城市挥发性有机物（VOCs）的重要来源之一,为减少VOCs排放,北京市于2006年开始推动储油库安装油气回收装置,每年监测储油库VOCs排放情况.分析了2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs排放变化特征,发现2012~2019年北京市储油库VOCs进口浓度经历下降-上升-下降历程,2019年进口平均浓度为165.3 g·m^-3;出口浓度趋于下降趋势,2019年出口平均浓度为7.3 g·m^-3;北京市储油库VOCs去除效率总体趋于稳定,为45.5%~100%.但在油气回收装置出口排放浓度达标率大幅提高的同时,出现了储油库回收装置去除效率反而下降现象.因此,提出加强过程管理,增加检查油气回收装置的运行年限和检查维护保养记录,并将去除效率指标纳入管控范畴,执行"双指标"达标要求等建议.为未来制定储油库精细化管理措施,进一步改善大气环境质量提供科学依据.     

1998年全球自然灾害评析

１９９８年是全球自然灾害经济损失特别大的一年,仅次于１９９５年,根据收集到的全球自然灾害数据,对全球主要自然灾害特征和分布特点提出和分析,并对其成因进行了探讨。     

火灾后配筋圆钢管混凝土柱剩余承载力数值分析

研究配筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱火灾后剩余承载力。利用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立了ISO-834标准升温曲线升温作用下配筋圆钢管混凝土短柱温度场模型,基于温度场分析结果建立了配筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱力学分析模型,利用以往试验结果对模型进行了验证,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。在此基础上进行了火灾后配筋圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱剩余承载力参数分析,选用的参数包括：升温时间、混凝土强度、钢管强度、钢筋强度、含钢率、配筋率、构件截面尺寸等。研究结果表明：在本次参数范围内,在其它条件相同的情况下,与常温下的承载力相比,受火时间越长,截面尺寸越小,构件火灾后剩余承载力的损失越高。结果可供有关钢管混凝土工程火灾后修复加固参考。     

沧州市郊采暖期大气颗粒物中重金属的粒径分布及健康风险评价

为了解沧州市郊采暖期大气颗粒物中重金属粒径分布和健康风险,于2018年11—12月使用分级撞击式采样器采集大气颗粒物样品(粒径符合总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)标准),采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定Fe、Cu、Mn、Pb和Zn含量,利用富集因子法和美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型,分析重金属主要来源并对...     

Measurement and Modelling of Ammonia Emissions at Waste Treatment Lagoon-Atmospheric Interface

Global emissions of ammonia are approximately 75 Tg N/yr (1 Tg =10¹²g). The major global source is excreta from domestic animals ( 32 Tg N ^-1yr^-1). Waste storage and treatment lagoonsare used to treat the excreta of hogs in North Carolina (NC). Proteins and nitrogen rich compounds in the lagoon are convertedto ammonia, through a series of biological and chemical transformations. The process of ammonia emission has been investigated using two different model approaches: (1) CoupledMass Transfer with Chemical Reaction Model (Model I), and (2)Mass Transport without Chemical Reaction Model (Model II). Asensitivity analysis is performed with the models, and the modelresults are compared with ammonia emission experiments at a swinewaste storage and treatment lagoon in NC using a dynamic emissionflux chamber.Results of model predictions of emission flux indicate an exponential increase in ammonia flux with increasing lagoontemperature and pH, a linear increase with increasing lagoontotal ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and a secondary degree increasewith the increasing wind speed. In addition, the fluxes predictedby Model I are consistently larger than fluxes predicted by Model II. Experimental values of flux agreed well with model predictions, with the experimental values lying in different positions between the two model predictions under different physical and chemical conditions. Further, when compared to diurnal and seasonal experimental flux values, Model I corroborates the results in calm meteorological conditions (windspeed U10 = 1.5 m s^-1). However, the observed results are better predicted by Model II during unstable conditions, when wind speeds are higher than 2.0 m s^-1 and physical transfer process functions dominate.     

THRESHOLD TIME SERIES MODELING OF TWO ICELANDIC RIVERFLOW SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: This paper reports our experience in building time series models which connect the flows in two Icelandic rivers with the meteorological variables of precipitation and temperature. Two rivers with different hydrological characteristics were studied. In areas where precipitation may be either in the form of rain or snow linear models are inadequate to describe the relationship between the river and the meteorological variables. The methodology of threshold models recently developed seems to be well suited for taking into account the sharp difference in the relationship according to whether it is freezing or not. The possibility of identifying an alternative threshold variable is also explored.     

Processing of copper converter slag for metals reclamation: Part II: mineralogical study.

Chemical and mineralogical characterizations of a copper converter slag, and its products obtained by curing with strong sulphuric acid and leaching with hot water, were carried out using ore microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry, wave-length dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry and chemical phase analysis, which provided necessary information to develop a new process for treating such slag and further understanding of the chemical and mineralogical changes in the process.