二氧化铅电极的制备、表征及其电催化性能研究

以电沉积法制备了Ti/PbO2和Ti/MnO2/PbO22种电极.采用SEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法表征了电极的形貌、元素组成及元素化学态,并以罗丹明B为目标有机物,考察了所制备电极的析氧极化曲线和电催化活性以及Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的循环伏安曲线.研究结果表明,Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的稳定性、使用寿命、析氧电位和电催化活性较Ti/PbO2电极都有所提高,并且罗丹明B在Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极上的反应主要发生在析氧反应区,且反应不可逆.     

Ti/MnO2/PbO2电极的制备及电催化降解罗丹明B

采用电沉积法制备了Ti／MnO2／PbO2电极,并用其对质量浓度为20mg／L的罗丹明B模拟废水进行了电催化降解实验。实验结果表明：原水pH为4．95,无须调节废水的pH;最佳电解实验条件为：支持电解质NazSO4浓度0．09mol／L,电解电流密度40mA／cm^2,处理时间40min,在此条件下罗丹明B的去除率接近100％。     

华中地区吸收性气溶胶时空分布特征及类型研究

利用2005-2019年OMI-OMAERUV L2气溶胶数据集,研究了近15年华中地区吸收性气溶胶指数(UVAI)的时空分布特征和主导气溶胶类型,探究下垫面变化和人为及气象因素的影响.结果表明:①在时间分布上,华中地区UVAI的年际变化整体呈波动上升趋势;2005-2008年UVAI波动下降,20092013年逐年增...     

硫脲改性猪粪生物质炭对模拟农田径流中镉和草甘膦吸附特征

为同时去除农田地表径流中的重金属和农药,利用猪粪制备未改性猪粪生物质炭（简称"未改性生物质炭"）和硫脲改性猪粪生物质炭（简称"改性生物质炭"）,分析比较硫脲改性对生物质炭的pH、元素组成、表面含氧官能团和巯基含量等理化性质的影响,并系统地研究了单一和复合污染体系中初始浓度对两种生物质炭吸附水溶液中镉（Cd）和草甘膦效率的影响.结果表明:①与未改性生物质炭相比,改性生物质炭的pH、O/C（原子比）和H/C（原子比）降低,比表面积增大,含氧官能团和巯基含量增加.②与未改性生物质炭相比,改性生物质炭对Cd和草甘膦的吸附能力增强,最大表观吸附量（Q_max）增加了近3倍;随着Cd和草甘膦初始浓度的增加,未改性和改性生物质炭对Cd和草甘膦的吸附量逐渐增加,增加量最高分别达18.52%和7.60%.③单一污染体系中两种生物质炭对Cd或草甘膦的吸附更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,说明其对Cd或草甘膦的吸附机理是单分子层的吸附起主导作用.④复合污染体系中,未改性和改性生物质炭对Cd的吸附能力分别增加了25.28%和21.26%,未改性生物质炭对Cd的最大表观吸附量增加了29.34%,但改性生物质炭对Cd的最大表观吸附量降低了47.28%;未改性和改性生物质炭对草甘膦的吸附能力减弱,但最大表观吸附量分别增加了2.63和3.45倍.研究显示,硫脲改性猪粪生物质炭作为一项有前景的新技术,为解决实际环境中的复合污染问题提供了经济环保的技术手段.      

壳聚糖的絮凝性能及其在废水脱色处理中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖的理化性质及其作为絮凝剂的优点,探讨了壳聚糖的絮凝机理,分析了壳聚糖絮凝效果的影响因素(包括废水p H、絮凝温度、搅拌转速及时间、壳聚糖投加量、壳聚糖脱乙酰度及相对分子质量、废水浊度),总结了壳聚糖改性和复合后在废水脱色处理中的应用。指出:未来还需更深入地研究絮凝机理,同时也需进一步研究影响絮凝效果的因素;新型壳聚糖絮凝剂将向更高效、成本更低且环境友好的方向发展。     

Examining the Role of Voluntary Associations in Environmental Management: The Case of the Sam Houston National Forest

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of voluntary associations involved in forest management. The specific areas examined in this study include organizational attributes, membership profile, attitudes toward forest-management priorities, and concerns about forest-management issues. To achieve this purpose, data were collected using a case study approach with mixed-methods (document reviews, personal interviews, and a Web survey) at a national forest in Texas, USA. Overall, the voluntary associations in this study can be described as place-based, small to moderate in scale, activity-oriented, and active groups that are adaptive to sociopolitical and environmental changes. General group members placed high importance on aesthetic, ecological, and recreation management of the national forest. In addition, this study showed five key forest management issues: (1) limited recreation access; (2) financial challenges for forest management; (3) conflict among recreation user groups; (4) inadequate communication by the United States Forest Service to the general public, and (5) sustainability of the forest. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed.     

大气污染事故中便携气相色谱测定苯胺的方法研究

快速气体分析仪在环境突发事故中起着重要作用,本研究利用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪,对苯胺气体标准样品以及模拟实际大气样品的气体进行分析,探讨了污染事故中苯胺快速测定方法,并对快速气体分析仪在苯胺污染事故中的适用性进行评定。测定结果表明该方法对苯胺气体样品具有高的灵敏度和快速响应,并对检出物具有非选择性和可变检出限。采在事先做好样品标准谱图的情况下,用ZNOSE快速气体分析仪可以在短时间内确定大气环境中的苯胺及其浓度,能满足环境污染实时监测的需求,尤其是处理环境污染事故。     

菏泽市冬季大气PM2.5和PM10中碳组分来源解析

为研究菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物中碳组分的污染特征和来源,于2016年1月采集菏泽市冬季大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀样品,基于热光反射法分析样品中OC（有机碳）、EC（元素碳）及8个碳组分[OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3和OP（裂解碳）]的含量,并计算得到ρ（Char-EC）（Char-EC为燃料燃烧后固体残渣中的EC）和ρ（Soot-EC）（Soot-EC为燃烧后气相挥发物质再凝结形成的EC）,以定性识别大气颗粒物中碳组分的来源.结果表明,菏泽市冬季大气颗粒物样品中碳组分浓度处于较高水平,PM_2.5中的ρ（OC）、ρ（EC）分别为26.34、9.22 μg/m3,PM₁₀中ρ（OC）、ρ（EC）分别为31.82、10.71 μg/m3.采样期间大气PM_2.5中碳组分（OC、EC、OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2、EC3、Char-EC、Soot-EC）浓度与PM₁₀中相应各组分浓度的比值均大于0.5（0.60~0.90）,表明碳组分多集中于细粒子（PM_2.5）.大气颗粒物样品中各碳组分浓度具有明显空间差异,各点位大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中ρ（OC）均显著高于ρ（EC）（T检验,P < 0.05）.菏泽市冬季大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中Char-EC/Soot-EC（二者质量浓度之比）分别为10.04、8.00,并且存在显著的空间差异性（T检验,P < 0.05）.PMF（正定矩阵因子分解法）解析结果表明,菏泽市冬季大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中碳组分来源主要有4类,包括两类柴油车（1类排放的碳组分中以EC2为主,定义为柴油车-1;1类排放的碳组分中以EC3为主,定义为柴油车-2）、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤混合源,对大气PM_2.5中碳组分的分担率分别为13.98%、5.13%、24.47%、41.97%,对大气PM₁₀中碳组分的分担率分别为16.08%、8.21%、18.34%、47.35%.可见,菏泽市冬季大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀中碳的主要来源是柴油车、汽油车、生物质燃烧和燃煤.      

Hydrogeochemical and mineralogical characteristics related to heavy metal attenuation in a stream polluted by acid mine drainage: A case study in Dabaoshan Mine, China

Dabaoshan Mine, the largest mine in south China, has been developed since the 1970s. Acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the mine has caused severe environmental pollution and human health problems. In this article, chemical characteristics, mineralogy of ocher precipitations and heavy metal attenuation in the AMD are discussed based on physicochemical analysis, mineral analysis, sequential extraction experiments and hydrogeochemistry. The AMD chemical characteristics were determined from the initial water composition, water-rock interactions and dissolved sulfide minerals in the mine tailings. The waters, affected and unaffected by AMD, were Ca-SO₄ and Ca-HCO₃ types, respectively. The affected water had a low pH, high SO₄^2- and high heavy metal content and oxidation as determined by the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ couple. Heavy metal and SO₄^2- contents of Hengshi River water decreased, while pH increased, downstream. Schwertmannite was the major mineral at the waste dump, while goethite and quartz were dominant at the tailings dam and streambed. Schwertmannite was transformed into goethite at the tailings dam and streambed. The sulfate ions of the secondary minerals changed from bidentate- to monodentate-complexes downstream. Fe-Mn oxide phases of Zn, Cd and Pb in sediments increased downstream. However, organic matter complexes of Cu in sediments increased further away from the tailings. Fe³⁺ mineral precipitates and transformations controlled the AMD water chemistry.