ABR工艺预处理木薯酒糟废水的工程应用

木薯酒糟废水有机物浓度高、悬浮物含量大、pH呈酸性、可生化性能较差 ,通常直接采用固液分离—厌氧 (UASB)—好氧曝气生化法处理效果并不理想 ,而采用ABR工艺进行厌氧水解酸化预处理木薯酒糟废水迄今为止未见报道。经绵阳市酒厂废水治理工程证明 ,强化ABR预处理工序是保证后续处理措施能否正常运行的关键     

瓦里关山大气CO2及其δ13C本底变化

利用 1991— 2 0 0 1年期间实测资料 ,分析了瓦里关全球基准站大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征 ,并探讨了与源汇过程的关系 .结果表明 ,瓦里关大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底变化主要反映了北半球中高纬度大陆自然生态系统源汇的周期性季节特征 ,而海洋的作用相对较弱 ;大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底浓度范围与所处纬度带平均状况基本吻合 ,年平均值以及年际间涨落与全球水平的一致性反映出化石燃料燃烧等人为排放对大气圈的全球性影响 ;瓦里关站提供的主要温室气体本底观测资料 ,既能体现亚洲内陆地域特点又具有全球代表性 ,配合以其它相关资料 ,还可进一步揭示中国内陆高原大气CO2 及其δ13 C本底特征的成因 .     

切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐降解偶氮类染料酸性红73

切割钢渣是钢铁生产过程中的固体废弃物,如何有效处理和利用这些废渣具有减少环境污染、实现废物资源化的重要意义.本文选择河北邢台钢铁厂中切割钢渣为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,活化过硫酸盐(PS)去除水相中偶氮染料酸性红73(AR73),实验表明,25 mg·L~(-1) AR73在15 min内,其降解率为99.9%,TOC矿化率达58.6%.同时考察了钢渣投入量、PS浓度、初始pH值等影响因素对AR73降解效率的影响:随着PS浓度、钢渣投入量的增加,AR73的降解速率也逐渐增加;在pH为3～9时,AR73均可被有效去除,酸性条件更有利于AR73的去除.活性自由基猝灭实验表明,酸性红73的降解是通过自由基和非自由基两种机制实现的,且钢渣可多次回收重复利用.钢渣活化PS技术,还可有效去除蒽醌类染料(活性蓝19),其去除率为99.9%,矿化率可达92.0%;同时该技术对某印染废水(COD_(Cr)=5625 mg·L~(-1))的去除率达49.9%.本文所构建的切割钢渣活化过硫酸盐(PS)技术可应用于偶氮印染废水的处理,实现"以废治废"的目标.     

Analysis of the Henze precipitate from the blood cells of the ascidian<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Phallusia mammillata</Emphasis>

The Henze precipitate, a peculiar blue-green microparticulate obtained by lysis of the blood cells of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata (Protochordata), was investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis. The precipitate was collected from the Henze solution, an unstable red-brown product obtained by treating blood with distilled water, whose degradation yields a characteristic blue-green product. The microparticulates measured 50–100 µm in diameter and appeared irregular in shape. SEM examination showed smooth, roughly round boundaries. The microparticulate surface examined with AFM appeared as an irregular matrix formed by 70–320-nm-wide mammillate composites, including and embedding small (500–800 nm wide) crystal-like multilayered formations. X- ray analysis showed that the elements present in these same precipitates were mainly C, Si, Al and O. The microparticulate composition appeared close to those of natural waxes or lacquers, embedding amorphous silicates and/or other Si–Al components. The unusual occurrence of Si in ascidian blood and its role are discussed.     

TiO2光催化剂载体及提高其光催化活性的研究进展

光催化技术是一种新型的绿色环保技术,TiO2是光催化反应中的一种研究较为广泛的光催化剂,其在污水处理以及空气净化等领域具有广泛的应用前景。文章综述了TiO2作为光催化剂的研究现状,着重介绍了TiO2光催化剂载体的研究及TiO2的改性研究。并结合我们在TiO2载体以及提高其催化活性方面所作的一些研究工作,提出一些看法。     

降低油品储运损耗 改善大气环境

从石油开采到成品油进入清费的过程中，损耗量约占原油量的3％－5％，其中储运过程中的损耗占总耗的40％－50％，着重论述了油品储运过程中降低损耗的措施，以减少经济损失和对环境的破坏。     

国家机动车排污控制管理数据库系统

介绍了“国家机动车排污控制管理系统”数据库的研制、特点及使用方法。该数据库存储了大量的城市环境概况、机动车排放因子、排放标准、燃油标准和排放控制对策等信息，能系统、准确的提供国家级相关数据及法律依据，使各级环保部门和政府决策部门能迅速、准确地掌握全国或某城市的有关机动车的静态或动态的污染排放综合情况     

郑州市生态经济系统问题与管理初探

运用生态学原理探讨了郑州市区域生态经济系统。人口与环境、生态系统彼此适应性与制约性，能源利用与推行清洁生产，资源利用与防治生态破坏。进而，探讨了郑州市生态经济系统管理的宗旨；生态工业建设目标定位于系统整体的最优化，力争使物质在系统中多资循环利用和多功能系统的完全代谢及从能量平衡和转换规律视“三废”为放错位置的“原料”，以及开展和完善城乡复合生态系统。     

TTC－脱氢酶活性检测方法的研究

以好氧消化污泥为材料，对影响脱氢酶活性测定的样品前处理、生化培养、酶反应终止剂、三苯基甲Ｚａ（ＴＦ）苯取剂以及萃取条件等问题进行了系统地研究，进而提出了检测脱氢酶活性的常温萃取测定法。这种方法已在剩余污泥好氧消化处理、生物转盘处理生物制品废水以及陶粒柱反应器低温生物预处理饮用水等研究中应用，效果良好。     

The effect of metapleural gland secretion on the growth of a mutualistic bacterium on the cuticle of leaf-cutting ants

In Acromyrmex octospinosus leaf-cutting ants the metapleural glands produce an array of antibiotic compounds that serve as a general defence against unwanted microbes on the cuticle. Leaf-cutting ants also grow mutualistic Pseudonocardiaceae bacteria on their cuticle that produce antibiotics controlling a microfungal parasite of their fungus gardens. Interaction between this bacterium and gland secretion therefore seems unavoidable. We document the typical development of bacterial growth on the cuticle of young major workers, show that growth starts a few days after eclosion, and that the maximal cover is reached after 2–3 weeks and gradually declines when workers mature. Experimental closure of the metapleural glands had no effect on the initial exponential growth phase of the bacterium, but significantly reduced the cover during the decline phase. The age-dependent abundance of the bacterium and its partial dependence on metapleural gland secretion support the hypothesis that the abundance of this mutualist is actively regulated.