基于WoS文献计量分析PM2.5研究现状

运用文献计量学的研究方法,以Web of Science(WoS)为数据源,利用Excel软件对1990—2015年发表的相关PM_(2.5)研究的文献进行数据统计与分析,从文献发表年代、主要发文国家/地区、研究机构、期刊分布、热点文献等方面采用定量、定性的方法揭示了目前世界PM_(2.5)的研究进展。结果表明,近10年关于PM_(2.5)研究发文量增长较快,PM_(2.5)研究全球关注度较高,美国无论发文量、总被引频次和H指数都远超过其他国家/地区,体现了美国在PM_(2.5)研究领域的主导地位;PM_(2.5)相关领域的研究机构主要集中在美国和中国(未包含港、澳、台地区数据);文献多发表在相关大气化学与物理学、环境、健康、气溶胶等领域的刊物上;当前研究热点由PM_(2.5)所引发全球关注的生态环境问题转入对人体健康的影响上,且国际合作研究成为发展趋势。中国自2006年以来PM_(2.5)的研究文献增速显著,发文量和累计被引频次位居世界第二,仅低于美国。     

气象因子对臭氧的影响及其在空气质量预报中的应用

为提高重庆市臭氧(O_3)预报准确率,利用2013—2015年5—10月O_3监测数据和气象数据,通过主成分分析、逐步回归分析等方法,确定了影响重庆O_3浓度的主要气象因素为最高温度、温差、太阳辐射、降水量、相对湿度、水气压和压差;通过基于O_3污染水平相似的主要气象控制因子筛选和最优组合的预报结果优化方法,提高了O_3预报准确率,使2016年5—8月O_3的AQI类别预报准确率由57.7%增至72.4%,O_3超标的预报准确率由38%增至46%。     

中国大气超级站发展与展望：基于问卷调研的统计研究

大气环境综合观测研究站(简称大气超级站)是开展大气环境污染综合立体观测、进行大气重污染过程污染特征动态表征、深入分析大气污染成因的重要平台。了解中国当前不同地区大气超级站的建设和应用现状、存在的问题及发展需求,有利于科学指导和规范中国大气超级站的设计、建设、运维和应用,提高其在大气重污染过程应急管控和空气质量改善中的技术支撑能力。研究通过对国内60余个大气超级站进行问卷调研,综述了中国目前大气超级站的现状,并基于统计分析结果,对中国大气超级站发展提出建议。     

核化危害源项反演技术现状及研究展望

源项反演对缓解和遏制核化危害源、精准预测核化危害时空传输和扩散情况、辅助作战行动和保障决策等具有十分重要的意义.本文从源项反演应用平台和源项反演关键算法(包括欧拉方法、拉格朗日方法、深度学习等)两个方面,对国内外核化危害源项反演技术的现状和二者间的差距进行了总结与分析.研究指出,利用深度学习提高反演精度和速率、从单污染...     

Assessment of trace element contamination in sediment cores from the Pearl River and estuary,South China: geochemical and multivariate analysis approaches

Twenty-four major and trace elements and the mineralogical composition of four sediment cores along the Pearl River and estuary were analyzed using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to evaluate contamination levels. The dominant minerals were quartz, kaolinite, and illite, followed by montmorillonite and feldspars, while small amounts of halite and calcite were also observed in a few samples. Cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to identify the element sources. The highest metal concentrations were found at Huangpu, primarily due to wastewater treatment plant discharge and/or the surreptitious dumping of sludge, and these data differed from those of other sources. Excluding the data from Huangpu, the PCA showed that most elements could be considered as lithogenic; few elements are the combination of lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. An antagonistic relationship between the anthropogenic source metals (K, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ag, Tl, and U) and marine source metals (Na, Mg, Ti, V, and Ca) was observed. The resulting normalized Al enrichment factor (EF) indicated very high or significant pollution of Cd, Ag, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb at Huangpu, which may cause serious environmental effects. Conflicting results between the PCA and EF can be attributed to the background values used, indicating that background values must be selected carefully.     

A novel approach to rapid detection of acute water toxicity and its policy implications for grassroots sustainable environmental monitoring

Unknown chemicals, emerging contaminants, and the resulting reactions among them make early detection and warning of acute water toxicity extremely challenging. The conventional approach using small fish for toxicity monitoring normally requires a designated species of fish and over a week's time to complete, including dilution of the wastewater, a pre-test, and a full test. It often increases chances for error and delays emergency management. This paper reports a novel approach, based on grassroots knowledge and field and lab experience in Jilin, China. This approach uses a combination of different species of aquarium fish to achieve fast and reliable monitoring. It tests the original source water directly without going through the dilution procedure, while paying attention to the time factor. The approach does not require a pre-test and may shorten the time needed for detecting acute toxicity to a few minutes, using a new classification of aquatic toxicity levels. It is inexpensive to use and may be easily adopted by grassroots organizations. The approach is "greener" and more financially and socially sustainable than traditional approaches. The wide use of the approach has the potential to encourage policy innovations for making toxicity monitoring grassroots based and more effective in reducing acute contamination emergencies.     

广州某观测点春季大气样品中二NFDA1英日均浓度变化分析

在广州某商住区楼顶开展为期1个月的大气样品连续采样,利用高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱仪测定了样品中17种毒性二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)的含量。结果表明,该采样点位样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度范围为0.094~1.34 pg I-TEQ/m³,样品日平均浓度相对偏差范围为3.2%~118.8%,6日平均浓度相对偏差范围为1.2%~60.1%,6日平均值更能较好地反映样品长期平均浓度。气象变化对样品中二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度有明显影响,降雨后样品中的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度明显低于降雨前,降雨前或降雨中样品的二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与降雨后样品比值最高达到9.0,样品二 NFDA1 英I-TEQ浓度与PM_2.5的线性相关性高于其与TSP、温度相关性,上述三者的r值和P值分别为0.637、-0.296、0.271和0.611、0.326、0.329。     

淀山湖沉积物的污染特征及其风险评价

对上海淀山湖代表性表层沉积物中的重金属、磷、PAHs及OCPs等典型污染物质进行了分析和风险评价。其中总磷含量范围为1 072~1 229 mg/kg,以无机磷为主,生物可利用磷含量较高,对水体富营养化具有潜在的威胁。重金属Cu、Cr、Zn、Pb的平均含量分别为25.5、34.1、244.5、32.2 mg/kg,污染程度大小依次为ZnPbCuCr,潜在生态风险程度依次为PbCuZnCr。∑PAHs、∑OCPs含量范围分别为617.1~843.2 ng/g以及22.03~28.94 ng/g,风险结果表明PAHs和大部分OCPs均未超出ERL值,生态风险水平低。     

万峰湖总有机碳空间分布特征

于2012年9月对万峰湖(水库)的总有机碳(TOC)空间分布特征进行研究,结果显示:TOC含量范围为0.41~3.94 mg/L。TOC在纵向分布上的差异不显著,在垂向分布上,总体呈现出上层中层下层的趋势。TOC在垂向上的分布差异主要源于万峰湖属于深水水库,不同深度水层因光照和温度差异所导致生物量的多寡是致使万峰湖出现上层TOC浓度明显高于中层和下层的主要因素。     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。