全文获取类型
收费全文 | 12733篇 |
免费 | 776篇 |
国内免费 | 4891篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 1098篇 |
废物处理 | 759篇 |
环保管理 | 1127篇 |
综合类 | 7345篇 |
基础理论 | 2018篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 4383篇 |
评价与监测 | 600篇 |
社会与环境 | 510篇 |
灾害及防治 | 558篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 259篇 |
2022年 | 708篇 |
2021年 | 650篇 |
2020年 | 532篇 |
2019年 | 460篇 |
2018年 | 516篇 |
2017年 | 647篇 |
2016年 | 699篇 |
2015年 | 910篇 |
2014年 | 1033篇 |
2013年 | 1339篇 |
2012年 | 1200篇 |
2011年 | 1169篇 |
2010年 | 913篇 |
2009年 | 869篇 |
2008年 | 934篇 |
2007年 | 731篇 |
2006年 | 671篇 |
2005年 | 514篇 |
2004年 | 373篇 |
2003年 | 418篇 |
2002年 | 367篇 |
2001年 | 310篇 |
2000年 | 307篇 |
1999年 | 262篇 |
1998年 | 264篇 |
1997年 | 255篇 |
1996年 | 234篇 |
1995年 | 181篇 |
1994年 | 123篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 113篇 |
1991年 | 81篇 |
1990年 | 55篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
811.
812.
Land use as a mitigation strategy for the water-quality impacts of global warming: a scenario analysis on two watersheds in the Ohio River Basin 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve number, an index of land use and soil type, to calculate runoff volume and depth. The ArcView programming language, Avenue, was used to integrate the two models into a geographic information system (GIS). An output of the water-balance model, daily precipitation values adjusted for potential evapotranspiration, served as one of the inputs into the land-use model. Two watersheds were used in the present study: one containing the city of Cincinnati on the main stem of the Ohio River, and one containing the city of Columbus on a tributary of the Ohio River. These cities represent two major metropolitan areas in the Ohio River Basin with different land uses experiencing different rates of population growth. The projected hypothetical land-use changes were based on linear extrapolations of current population data. Results of the analyses indicate that conversion from agricultural land use to low-density residential land use may decrease the amount of surface runoff. The land-use practices which generate the least amount of runoff are forest, low-density residential, and agriculture; whereas high-density residential and commercial land-use types produce the highest runoff. The hydrologic soil type present was also an important factor in determining the amount of runoff and non-point-source pollution. A runoff-depth matrix and total nitrogen matrix were created for Cincinnati and Columbus to describe possible land-use mitigation measures in response to global climate change. The differences in Cincinnati and Columbus were due to differences in geographic location, air temperature, and total runoff. The results of this study may be useful to planners and policy makers for defining the possible impacts of future global climate and land-use changes on water resources. 相似文献
813.
污水土地处理水旱轮作条件下磷素在土层中迁移特征的模拟实验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解污水土地处理过程中不同土壤类型土壤溶液 P含量和迁移特征 ,在一种特殊的大型人工模拟土层和地下水实验装置中进行试验 .研究结果表明 :水田条件下 1.5m~ 0.5m土壤溶液 P含量极低 (≤ 0.02 mg/L ) ,但在旱地条件下 ,P含量上升至 0.045mg/L~ 0.628mg/L,P素随入渗污水向下迁移距离可达 1.1 m.在低水力负荷率和较长停留时间的运行条件下 ,1.3m以下土壤溶液和地下水的 P含量处于安全水平 . 相似文献
814.
815.
816.
旧城保护与更新的生态学方法思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从当前旧城改造中存在的问题入手分析,用生态学的方法进行剖析,试图探索旧城改造的新模式-健康城市的生态学模式,即建立舒适宜人,协调运转的城市体系。 相似文献
817.
818.
辽宁阜新两类变质地区的构造关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据太古宙地壳在后寒武纪被改造的特点,可以将研究区──阜新地区划分为西部稳定区和东部线性杂岩带。而西部稳定区又可依据变质作用强度进一步划分为西部麻粒岩相区和东部用闪岩相区。本文通过西部麻粒岩相区和东部角闪岩相区岩石组合特征、变质作用演化的动力学以及发育于其中的韧性剪切带运动学、动力学和地球物理学特征的对比研究,确定麻粒岩相区为历闪岩相区的根部带,后期构造运动的右行拉伸作用,使上部的角闪岩相区与下部的麻粒岩相区发生分离,而后一起抬升剥蚀,从而处于平行位置。 相似文献
819.
Liqun Xing Hongling Liu Xiaowei Zhang Markus Hecker John P. Giesy Hongxia Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):159-167
Species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are increasingly used in both ecological risk assessment and derivation of water quality criteria. However, there has been debate about the choice of an appropriate approach for derivation of water quality criteria based on SSDs because the various methods can generate different values. The objective of this study was to compare the differences among various methods. Data sets of acute toxicities of 12 substances to aquatic organisms, representing a range of classes with different modes of action, were studied. Nine typical statistical approaches, including parametric and nonparametric methods, were used to construct SSDs for 12 chemicals. Water quality criteria, expressed as hazardous concentration for 5 % of species (HC5), were derived by use of several approaches. All approaches produced comparable results, and the data generated by the different approaches were significantly correlated. Variability among estimates of HC5 of all inclusive species decreased with increasing sample size, and variability was similar among the statistical methods applied. Of the statistical methods selected, the bootstrap method represented the best-fitting model for all chemicals, while log-triangle and Weibull were the best models among the parametric methods evaluated. The bootstrap method was the primary choice to derive water quality criteria when data points are sufficient (more than 20). If the available data are few, all other methods should be constructed, and that which best describes the distribution of the data was selected. 相似文献
820.
Quan Zhang Cui Wang Wanpeng Liu Jiapeng Qu Ming Liu Yanming Zhang Meirong Zhao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):652-659
Quinestrol has shown potential for use in the fertility control of the plateau pika population of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, the environmental safety and fate of this compound are still obscure. Our study investigated degradation of quinestrol in a local soil and aquatic system for the first time. The results indicate that the degradation of quinestrol follows first-order kinetics in both soil and water, with a dissipation half-life of approximately 16.0 days in local soil. Microbial activity heavily influenced the degradation of quinestrol, with 41.2 % removal in non-sterile soil comparing to 4.8 % removal in sterile soil after incubation of 10 days. The half-lives in neutral water (pH 7.4) were 0.75 h when exposed to UV light (λ?=?365 nm) whereas they became 2.63 h when exposed to visible light (λ?>?400 nm). Acidic conditions facilitated quinestrol degradation in water with shorter half-lives of 1.04 and 1.47 h in pH 4.0 and pH 5.0 solutions, respectively. Moreover, both the soil and water treatment systems efficiently eliminated the estrogenic activity of quinestrol. Results presented herein clarify the complete degradation of quinestrol in a relatively short time. The ecological and environmental safety of this compound needs further investigation. 相似文献