环保政府网站建设现状及发展探讨

环保政府网站是环保电子政务的重要组成部分,在环保部门实施政务公开、宣传环境保护、服务社会公众方面正发挥越来越重要的作用。在对中国环保政府网站建设现状进行分析的基础上,对进一步加强环保网站建设、提高网站的服务效能提出对策建议。     

土壤重金属污染危害及生物修复技术研究

文章阐明了土壤重金属污染的危害与污染土壤的生物修复技术研究现状扣国外生物修复技术的最新研究内容和方法。系统介绍了重金属污染土壤生物修复的概念、生物修复特点及其机制、类型,重点论述了植物、微生物、动物对重金属污染土壤的修复技术方面的研究进展。最后对生物修复的发展前景进行展望,并在此基础上提出了一些见解和看法,为今后该方面的研究提供参考。     

The key role of inoculated sludge in fast start-up of sequencing batch reactor for the domestication of aerobic granular sludge

Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.     

Effects of water management on arsenic and cadmiumspeciation and accumulation in an upland rice cultivar

Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of water regimes on the speciation and accumulation of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in Brazilian upland rice growing in soils polluted with both As and Cd. In the pot experiment constant and intermittent flooding treatments gave 3-16 times higher As concentrations in soil solution than did aerobic conditions but Cd showed the opposite trend. Compared to arsenate, there were more marked changes in the arsenite concentrations in the soil solution as water management shifted, and therefore arsenite concentrations dominated the As speciation and bioavailability in the soil. In the field experiment As concentrations in the rice grains increased from0.14 to 0.21 mg/kg while Cd concentrations decreased from 0.21 to 0.02 mg/kg with increasing irrigation ranging from aerobic to constantly flooding conditions. Among the various water regimes the conventional irrigation treatment produced the highest rice grain yield of 6.29 tons/ha. The As speciation analysis reveals that the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (from 11.3% to 61.7%) made a greater contribution to the increase in total As in brown rice in the intermittent and constant flooding treatments compared to the intermittent-aerobic treatment. Thus, water management exerted opposite effects on Cd and As speciation and bioavailability in the soil and consequently on their accumulation in the upland rice. Special care is required when irrigation regime methods are employed to mitigate the accumulation of metal(loid)s in the grain of rice grown in soils polluted with both As and Cd.     

上海市主要作物秸秆资源估算及分析

为进一步合理高效利用秸秆资源,通过秸秆估算公式计算出上海市主要区县的秸秆产量、2013年上海市秸秆养分总量及能源化利用的标准煤当量。2013年上海市秸秆产量为106.23万t,所含N、P₂O₅和K₂O分别为0.9、0.3、2.3万t,总养分约为3.5万t。理论上秸秆全部转化为能源相当于节省4.7×10⁵t标准煤。对于丰富的秸秆资源,应有合理的回收及利用途径,防止焚烧对空气造成不利影响。     

高、中频混响声场噪声治理技术的研究及应用

我国目前纺织厂织造车间的噪声级均较高。应用吸声降噪原理 ,通过模拟、中试和二项试点三步的实践证明 ,采用在厂房建筑上架设大面积“强吸声吊顶”技术的方法 ,能使织造车间的噪声降低 4～ 6dB(A) ,收到较好的降噪效果。     

Background contents of heavy metals in sediments of theYangtze River system and their calculation methods

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长江中下游河流沉积物和悬浮物中金属元素的形态特征

采集长江中下游8个样点沉积物和悬浮物样品,用连续提取方法提取金属元素的5种化学形态（可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机质－硫化物结合态和残渣态）,用等离子体发射光谱（ICP－AES）分析所有样品中锂、钠、钾、镁、钙、锶、钛、钒、铬、锰、钴、镍、铝、钇和锆共15种元素各化学形态的含量,并用聚类分析方法研究这些元素在形态上的分类特点。结果表明：在沉积物和县浮物中,碱金属元素（锂、钠、钾）主要以残渣态和可交换态存在;碱土金属元素（镁、钙、锶）各形态含量较为均匀,但钙的碳酸盐态含量很高;锰和钴的铁锰氧化物态含量较高;铁族元素除锰和钴以外（钛、钒、铬、镍）、铝和锆残渣态含量高、其它形态含量低。所研究元素中,钙和锰的残渣态含量最低。     

2－硝基芴大鼠肝微粒体体外代谢研究

初步研究了在通风条件下，经Ａｒｏｃｌｏｒ１２５４诱导的大鼠肝微粒体酶对２－硝基芴的体外代谢。通过液相色谱、气相色谱、质谱、紫外光谱及红外光谱，首次分离和检测出单羟芴和二羟基芴等代谢产物，但未测得明显的硝基还原代谢产物。     

新型石墨材料对水中油性物质脱除的实验研究

讨论了膨胀石墨吸附材料对各种油类及各种水面漂浮油的吸附实验结果,同时讨论了对乳化状低含量含油废水的吸附处理结果和对设备清洗废水的过滤处理结果,并将部分结果与棉花和活性炭对油性物质吸附的数据进行了比较。结果显示,膨胀石墨无论对各种单纯油类、水面浮油以及乳化状液中的油和低含油废水中的油都有极好的吸附脱除能力。