改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性方法研究

通过对现有的烟气脱硫系统吸收塔浆液池在运行过程中浆液pH值响应过程的分析,针对现有脱硫装置浆液池pH值响应滞后导致的一系列问题,提出了改善烟气脱硫装置浆液池响应特性的措施方案,结合工程实例说明了通过在浆液池内加装浆液气氛控制系统使得pH值响应更为及时,并使浆液池内pH值分布满足浆液池功能要求。保证脱硫装置的安全稳定高效运行,有效降低运行消耗。     

Modeling the Effects of Extreme Drought on Pollutant Transport Processes in the Yangtze River Estuary

Water resources in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE), which is the vital water supply for Shanghai, decreased by approximately 2.45 Gm³ in 2006, the second‐worst recorded drought year. A numerical model was developed to investigate the effects of this extreme drought on pollutant transport processes in the YRE. The model was calibrated against observations and displayed good agreement. Residence time, a critical hydrodynamic indicator, was implemented to indicate pollutant transport processes. Numerical experiments were conducted to examine the possibly drought‐induced influences. The model results demonstrated that the influences on pollutant transport processes varied spatially and temporally, and these influences could partly explain the observed temporal and spatial variations of total nitrate in 2006. The area most susceptible to drought is in the north branch with 2‐11 days' extension of residence time. As the drought occurred in both the high and normal water periods, its influences were more significant during the normal water period with saltwater intrusion into the north branch. The drought also introduced a pollutant transport lag in timescale of approximately five days by diminishing the seaward advection flux with freshwater discharge. In 2006, the magnified tidal influence during the drought contributed more than usual to structuring pollutant transport, as the pollutant transport processes were intensely associated with tidal flow and tidal cycle.     

上海市主要作物秸秆资源估算及分析

为进一步合理高效利用秸秆资源,通过秸秆估算公式计算出上海市主要区县的秸秆产量、2013年上海市秸秆养分总量及能源化利用的标准煤当量。2013年上海市秸秆产量为106.23万t,所含N、P₂O₅和K₂O分别为0.9、0.3、2.3万t,总养分约为3.5万t。理论上秸秆全部转化为能源相当于节省4.7×10⁵t标准煤。对于丰富的秸秆资源,应有合理的回收及利用途径,防止焚烧对空气造成不利影响。     

Spatial characteristics analysis by PCR-DGGE for bacterial communities in surface sediments of Tangxi River,Hefei City北大核心CSCD

Microbes play an important role in material circulation and pollutant release in urban sediments, and its community structure can provide an important basis for evaluating the pollution load and ecosystem health of an urban river. In this study, bacterial communities in sediments from different locations of Tangxi River in Anhui Province were analyzed and compared, with an objective of evaluating the effects of aquatic environment on spatial characteristics of bacterial communities and the feasibility of using bacterial community composition as an indicator of urban river health. PCR-DGGE was applied to analyze the bacterial communities; fifteen major bands of 16S rDNA genes fragments from DGGE profiles of sediment samples were further eluted from gel, reamplified and sequenced. The sequences of these fragments were compared with the database in GenBank (NCBI). The collected samples were clustered based on UPGM Aanalysis. In addition, relationships between bacterial communities and environmental factors were analyzed by Monte Carlo test and redundancy analysis (RDA). The DGGE profiles indicated that upstream surface sediments had about 30 bands, but the differences in brightness were not significant. Although midstream surface sediments had only 18 bands on average, the brightness of some bands was relatively high, indicating that some dominant species of bacteria existed in these sediments. The amounts of bands in downstream sediments were between those of upstream and midstream, with some bands of high brightness. The NCBI comparison results showed that ten sequences shared 98-100% homology with known sequences, one with 97%, and the other four with uncultured bacteria. Shannon index (H) of bacterial diversity from upstream surface sediments was 3.31 on average, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of midstream surface sediments, and slightly higher than that of downstream surface sediments. UPGMA results showed both the distribution of bacteria communities and the diversity were strongly related with the sampling locations (Eigenvalue = 0.188, P = 0.134). Monte Carlo test and RDA analysis showed that the ion exchangeable form of nitrogen (IEF-N) was the main factor influencing the spatial characteristics of bacterial communities in the sediments. The aquatic plants had a significant effect on the richness of bacterial communities in the sediments, and the effectiveness of plant species was more notable than that of the vegetation coverage. The above results indicated that bacterial community structure and diversity in the surface sediments can well reflect the degree of urbanization development and effectiveness of ecological restoration in Tangxi River region.     

循环流化床烟气脱硫系统控制技术

阐述了循环流化床烟气脱硫系统电气控制的内容、方法、仪表等技术。根据循环流化床烟气脱硫实验系统温度、压力、流量的测量,实现了该系统闭环开环自动、手动控制的功能,并且根据实验室的具体情况,采取特殊技术方式,完成实验自动化的控制。该控制技术对扩大到实际工程应用具有指导意义。     

特大城市公路交通设施噪声影响水平分析

中国特大城市的公路交通设施规模庞大而复杂,主要包括公路、城市道路、公路运输枢纽场站。本文实测了北京市有代表性公路交通设施场界噪声,分析了其不同道路等级(或不同客货公路运输枢纽)、不同车流量、不同时段情况下的噪声影响程度大小,为北京市公路交通设施的规划研究提供参考。     

Degradation of 4-CP in an internal electrolysis system

The characteristic and mechanism of parachlorophenol (4-CP) degradation in an internal electrolysis system were investigated. The degradation rate of 4-CP was higher in acid solution than that of in neutral or alkaline solution. Addition of activated carbon could make 4-CP easier be degraded by the surface contact catalysis. The dissolved oxygen in solution could take part in the electrode reaction and intensify the degradation of 4-CP. By the analysis of intermediates of degradation of 4-CP, it could be conferred that 4-CP was broken through the bond beside hydroxy firstly, then the bond beside chloride was broken and the chloride was dechlorinated simultaneously. Most intermediate products were glycerine, ethane diacid and acetic acid, while very few 1, 4-butanedial and alcohols were found.     

Fe_3O_4@SiO_2复合气凝胶的制备及其对刚果红的吸附

以Fe Cl_3·6H_2O和正硅酸四乙酯为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法结合醇溶剂热法制备了Fe_3O_4@Si O_2复合气凝胶。采用XRD,FTIR,SEM,EDS等技术对Fe_3O_4@Si O_2的结构进行了表征。考察了Fe_3O_4@Si O_2对刚果红溶液的吸附性能。表征结果显示,Fe_3O_4@Si O_2复合气凝胶是由直径为10~20 nm的近球形颗粒组装而成的具有三维网络结构的纳米材料,比表面积为457.93 m~2/g,平均孔径为10.7 nm。在溶液p H为5、吸附时间为35 min的最佳工艺条件下,采用Fe_3O_4@Si O_2吸附处理质量浓度为10 mg/L的刚果红溶液,刚果红去除率为99.39%,此时溶液中刚果红的质量浓度仅为0.052 mg/L。Fe_3O_4@Si O_2复合气凝胶吸附刚果红后具有较好的解吸和再生能力。     

燃烧假人实验室闪火生成系统设计

对国内外燃烧假人实验室相关标准及闪火生成系统进行介绍,结合应用实际提出闪火的设计要求是热流量84kW/m2,持续时间为5s。最后从管道压力调节、燃烧器设计、嵌入式控制系统开发等三个方面介绍了实验室火闪火生成系统的设计实现。