高效铜绿微囊藻溶藻菌WJ6的分离鉴定及溶藻特性

以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,从富营养化水体分离了一株高效溶藻菌,通过分析形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定了该溶藻菌株,分析了该菌株对铜绿微囊藻的溶藻方式、溶藻特性及其不同培养时期、不同浓度菌液及不同环境因子对溶藻效果的影响,并探讨了其可能的溶藻机制.研究表明：WJ6属于沙雷氏菌属（Serratia sp.GenBank登录号为KY462187）;溶藻菌WJ6以胞外释放溶藻物质为主直接溶藻为辅的溶藻方式;溶藻菌WJ6处于对数期时的溶藻率最高达87.50%;菌液浓度达1.4×10⁹CFU/mL以上,溶藻率最高为95.69%;在30℃、pH8条件下,溶藻率达90.00%;改良的基本培养基培养的溶藻菌溶藻率最高达98.50%;铵离子浓度大于2mol/L时,溶藻菌的溶藻率98.33%;当盐度为0.5%时,溶藻率较高为92.77%.溶藻菌株WJ6是1株高效溶铜绿微囊藻菌,在富营养化治理方面具有较好的应用前景.     

Dynamics of major air pollutants from crop residue burning in mainland China, 2000–2014

Based on satellite image data and China's Statistical Yearbooks(2000 to 2014), we estimated the total mass of crop residue burned, and the proportion of residue burned in the field vs.indoors as domestic fuel. The total emissions of various pollutants from the burning of crop residue were estimated for 2000-2014 using the emission factor method. The results indicate that the total amount of crop residue and average burned mass were 8690.9 Tg and4914.6 Tg, respectively. The total amount of emitted pollutants including CO_2, CO, NOx,VOCs, PM_(2.5), OC(organic carbon), EC(element carbon) and TC(total carbon) were 4212.4–8440.9 Tg, 192.8–579.4 Tg, 4.8–19.4 Tg, 18.6–61.3 Tg, 18.8–49.7 Tg, 6.7–31.3 Tg, 2.3–4.7 Tg, and8.5–34.1 Tg, respectively. The emissions of pollutants released from crop residue burning were found to be spatially variable, with the burning of crop residue mainly occurring in Northeast, North and South China. In addition, pollutant emissions per unit area(10 km ×10 km) were mostly concentrated in the central and eastern regions of China. Emissions of CO_2, NOx, VOCs, OC and TC were mainly from rice straw burning, while burning of corn and wheat residues contributed most to emissions of CO, PM_(2.5) and EC. The increased ratio of PM_(2.5) emissions from crop residue burning to the total emitted from industry during the study period is attributed to the implementation of strict emissions management policies in Chinese industry. This study also provides baseline data for assessment of the regional atmospheric environment.     

Effects of Asian dust events on atmospheric bacterial communities at different distances downwind of the source region

Aeolian dust particles arising from arid and semiarid zones are known to carry microbes by air currents. The effect of wind-borne bacteria on atmospheric bacterial population at various downwind distances from the dust source regions must be clarified, but has not yet been reported. This study monitored the bacterial abundance and community composition in outdoor aerosol samples in Beijing, China, which is close to the Asian dust source regions, and compared them with the results obtained in a distant region(Osaka, Japan).The Asian dust collected in Beijing contained(4 ± 3) × 10~4 bacterial cells/m~3, approximately~4 times higher than in Osaka. On 15 April 2015, Beijing experienced severe Asian dust events with a 1000-fold increase in bacterial abundance, relative to non-Asian dust days. Dominant bacterial phyla and classes in Asian dust collected in Beijing were Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Acidobacteria, and the bacterial community composition varied more widely than in Osaka.The bacterial community compositions differed between the Beijing and Osaka dusts, even for the same Asian dust events. These results indicated that aerosol bacterial communities nearer the dust source are more affected by eolian dust than their distant counterparts.     

环保系统计量认证的工作程序

为帮助申请国家级计量认证的环保机构开展工作，介绍了环保系统计量认证的依据、认证机构、评审准则以及工作程序，并就计量认证的申请与受理程序、准备工作、评审步骤、整改与上报材料以及审批发证程序进行了阐述。     

基于FTA-IOT的高校校园安全系统性分析

为了更好的预防校园安全事故的发生,利用事故树方法研究了校园安全中的住宿安全、交通安全和饮食安全问题。论文通过计算事故树的最小径集对三类安全所有基本事件的结构重要性进行了分析,得出了对三类安全影响最大的因素。结果显示,财产丢失、火灾初期的控制是影响住宿安全的主要因素;校园车辆管理和人的行为是影响校园交通安全的主要因素;学生的不良饮水习惯、食堂卫生管理是影响饮食安全的主要因素。基于此,论文提出了基于物联网以RFID技术来提升校园的安全水平的措施。     

三种安全评价方法在苏丹化工项目的应用比较分析与实践

为解决海外炼化项目存在的资源短缺、员工技能不足和管理文化冲突等问题,提高海外炼化项目安全管理水平,本文通过对比苏丹化工项目所采用的3种不同安全评价方法,分析出不同方法的优缺点和适用性。基于此,苏丹化工项目采用这3种评价方法,很好地弥补了单一评价方法的不足,查找出了主要的安全管理漏洞,识别出重大隐患所在,有效防范了各类安全风险,项目的安全管理水平得到了显著提高。     

2013-2015年十堰市环境空气质量变化趋势分析研究

利用十堰市空气自动监测站的监测数据,采用综合指数、空气质量指数(AQI)和Spearman秩相关系数法等评价方法,研究十堰市2013年-2015年环境空气质量变化情况及其影响因素,为城市的大气污染防治提供治理思路.结果表明:2013年-2015年十堰市城区空气质量逐年好转,除PM10和PM2.5外,其他因子均达标,污染物贡献比例中,PM10和PM2.5污染负荷占比超过50%,为主要污染物;十堰市城区空气质量整体呈夏季较好,冬季较差的趋势;全市中开发区铁二处空气质量较好,张湾区刘家沟空气质量较差;结合自然因素和人为因素,综合分析空气质量的变化情况,通过调整能源结构、减少污染源排放和使用清洁能源等多项措施,并注意季节特征和加强预警预报工作,进而改善空气质量.     

A nanofilter composed of carbon nanotube-silver composites for virus removal and antibacterial activity improvement

We have developed a new nanofilter using a carbon nanotube-silver composite material that is capable of efficiently removing waterborne viruses and bacteria.The nanofilter was subjected to plasma surface treatment to enhance its flow rate,which was improved by approximately 62%.Nanoscale pores were obtained by fabricating a carbon nanotube network and using nanoparticle fixation technology for the removal of viruses.The pore size of the nanofilter was approximately 38 nm and the measured flow rate ranged from 21.0 to 97.2 L/(min·m~2)under a pressure of 1–6 kgf/cm~2 when the amount of loaded carbon nanotube-silver composite was 1.0 mg/cm~2.The nanofilter was tested against Polio-,Noro-,and Coxsackie viruses using a sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of viral particles within the outflow.No trace of viruses was found to flow through the nanofilter with carbon nanotube-silver composite loaded above 0.8 mg/cm~2.Moreover,the surface of the filter has antibacterial properties to prevent bacterial clogging due to the presence of 20-nm silver nanoparticles,which were synthesized on the carbon nanotube surface.     

Design and modeling of optimal distillation sequence for recovery of valuable components from a waste photoresist stripper

Currently, waste photoresist stripper from the semiconductor industries is generally incinerated at high temperatures or processed as a high-calorie fuel, which can have adverse effects on the environment and economy. Recovery of valuable solvents from waste photoresist strippers is, therefore, very important for thin flat transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) manufactures to reduce the production costs and protect the environment against industrial waste. In the present work, systematic laboratory-scale distillation experiments were carried out to regenerate the organic solvents from the waste photoresist stripper and determine if they are feasible to recycle for commercial TFT-LCD grade chemicals: in particular, 1-hydroxyethylpiperazine and methyl diglycol were mainly tried to retrieve. Based on the experiment results, possible alternative distillation sequences were examined through intensive techno-economic analysis using a rigorous process simulator. As a result, an optimal distillation sequence and condition were drawn to separate valuable organic solvents from waste photoresist stripper for a commercial purpose recovery process.     

火电厂烟气脱硫设施工况监控系统研究与应用

本文介绍了火电厂烟气脱硫设施工况监控系统,研究了系统关键技术。通过建立数学模型,对火电厂烟气脱硫设施主要参数进行数据有效性范围校验、关联度判断、逻辑判断,实现对脱硫设施运行异常状态的报警,最后通过实例说明了工况监控系统在环境监管中的应用。