Advanced nitrogen removal using pilot-scale SBR with intelligent control system built on three layer network

Since eutrophication has become increasingly severe in China, nitrogen and phosphorous have been the concern of wastewater treatment, especially nitrogen removal. The stabilization of the intelligent control system and nitrogen removal efficiency were investigated in a pilot-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a treatment capacity of 60 m³/d. Characteristic points on the profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) could exactly reflect the process of nitrification and denitrification. Using the intelligent control system not only could save energy, but also could achieve advanced nitrogen removal. Applying the control strategy water quality of the effluent could stably meet the national first discharge standard during experiment of 10 months. Even at low temperature (t = 13°C), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) in the effluent were under 50 and 5 mg/L, respectively.     

Application of ecosystem health cost-effect analysis in eco-planning in Guangzhou City, China

Ecosystem health has been a focal point and research frontier of applied ecology in recent years, increasingly used in urban ecological studies. To quantify the effect of ecological improvement from eco-planning, an ecosystem health assessment method is used in eco-planning evaluation and decision support in the urban eco-planning research of Guangzhou City of China. Based on features of an urban ecosystem, five factors such as vigor, organizational structure, resilience, ability to maintain ecosystem service, and influence on people’s health were selected to develop the assessment indicator system. Then, to evaluate the validity of planning measures, a cost-effect analysis of the different scenarios on eco-planning was made, taking investment of the planned projects as the cost and ecosystem health state after implementing the scenarios as the effect. To establish priority of all the proposed planning schemes or countermeasures, variation of the ecosystem health state was evaluated when the investment of eco-environmental construction projects changes by ±10%, ±20% and ±50%, respectively. Thus, the order of importance of eco-environment construction projects to the urban ecosystem health state can be worked out, providing a reference for prioritizing the implementation of such urban eco-environmental projects. The study proved the trial value of an ecosystem health evaluation method in urban eco-planning research.     

碱性矿化水灌溉对土壤溶质运移的影响

经过连续几年的灌溉试验可知,应用2.5 g稬-1以下的低矿化水灌溉是安全的,超过此值土壤积盐和碱化明显。灌溉后,土壤中溶质运移受多因素影响。在阳离子分布中,水平方向Na+随灌溉水矿化度增大而增多,Ca2+、Mg2+变化不大;土壤剖面上,从表层至60 cm土层,先以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,过渡到Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+共同占优,再发展为以Na+占优。阴离子的分布中,水平方向,随灌溉水矿化度增大HCO3-增多;土壤剖面上,从表向里,先以Cl-或SO42-为主,过渡到C1-、SO42-、HCO3-均分局面,再发展以HCO3-占优。灌溉后土壤pH值在0~20 cm变化不明显,大于20 cm土层有一定增加。土壤中的SAR和ESP均以大于1.5 g稬-1的碱性低矿化水灌溉后增加明显,碱化层由下向上抬升,小麦田碱化速度快于玉米田。     

X－射线荧光光谱法测定道路扬尘中21种元素

本文用Ｘ－射线荧光光谱法，一次测定道路扬尘中Ｎａ等２１种元素。人工配制标样，回归法求取校准曲线常数，用散射线内标法和经验系数法校正基体效应。方法的准确度、精密度较好，分析结果令人满意。     

快速渗滤土地处理系统对城市生活污水中N、P去除的优化研究

为了探索城市生活污水中N、P去除，在实验室内采用混合土为介质，以均匀设计原理为指导，进行模拟人工快速渗滤系统对城市生活污水中N、P的去除。研究不同介质配比，淹水时间，湿干比3种因素组合对污水处理的最优运行模式。试验结果表明：通过选取混合土为介质及以上3个参数是可行的；通过回归统计得出最优模型。     

二氯苯在土壤中的迁移行为和生物降解

主要从挥发、吸附与解吸、渗滤三个方面介绍了二氯苯在土壤中的迁移行为以及生物降解过程。探讨了二氯苯的物化性质、三种同分异构体的构型、土壤特性、外界环境条件等因素对二氯苯迁移行为的影响,以及迁移行为与生物降解的相互关系;同时介绍了可降解二氯苯的微生物种类、二氯苯好氧生物降解机理、共代谢现象,以及实验室研究方法。这些研究对于受二氯苯污染的土壤的修复具有理论指导意义。     

城区大气和塑料大棚空气中酞酸酯的分析

本文报道了济南市大气飘尘和塑料蔬菜大棚空气中酞酸酯的污染情况，探讨了大气飘尘中酞酸酯随季节变化和昼夜更替的变化情况。     

吸烟气相物质引起的脂质过氧化的研究

本文用吸烟气相物质作用于卵磷脂形成的脂质体及人多形核白细胞,用TBA法和共轭二烯法检测吸烟气相物质作用下的脂质过氧化水平,结果发现,随着吸烟气相物质作用时间的延长,MDA和共轭二烯的含量也随之增大。表明吸烟气相物质能够引起脂质过氧化反应。     

基于动力学分析提高黑木耳多糖产量的pH控制策略

为了实现黑木耳(Auriculariaauricula)深层发酵生产胞外多糖的高产量和高生产强度的统一,在7L发酵罐中研究不同pH对A.auricula分批发酵生产黑木耳多糖的影响.A.auricula细胞生长的最适pH为5.0,而黑木耳胞外多糖合成的最适pH为5.5.恒定pH有利于合成黑木耳多糖,但降低了黑木耳多糖的生产强度.发酵液中较高的pH不利于葡萄糖的消耗,使得发酵结束时的残余葡萄糖含量随pH的升高而升高.分析不同pH条件下A.auricula发酵生产黑木耳多糖动力学参数,发现较低pH有利于加快底物消耗,而较高的细胞生长速率则出现在pH5.0,pH5.5时细胞则具有较高的胞外多糖合成速率和对葡萄糖的得率.在此基础上提出了A.auricula发酵生产黑木耳多糖的两阶段pH控制策略:0~48h控制发酵液pH5.0,48h后控制pH5.5.实验结果表明,采用两阶段pH控制策略,A.auricula胞外多糖产量比控制pH5.5时提高了8.1%,残留葡萄糖含量降低了15.2%,产生最大胞外多糖的时间缩短至96h,且黑木耳多糖的生产强度比pH5.5时提高了35.1%.图4表1参21     

蒽醌类化合物对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的急性光致毒性研究

通过测定模拟光照和无光照条件下20种蒽醌类化合物对大型(Daphnia magna)的48h半数活动抑制浓度(EC50), 研究了该类化合物的光致毒性．比较了两种助溶剂(二甲基亚砜和丙酮)对这些化合物光致毒性的影响,初步讨论了光致毒性的机理．结果表明,所研究的助溶剂不影响这些化合物对大型潘的光致毒性．蒽醌类化合物因其取代基的不同(-NH2、-OH、-Cl、-Br、-NO2)、取代基位置的不同和取代基数目的不同,而表现出对大型潘光致毒性的不同．最低未占据分子轨道能(ELUMO)和最高占据分子轨道能(EHOMO)之间的能级差,可用于初步判断蒽醌类化合物 溞大型的潜在光致毒性．