天然Na基膨润土吸附处理高浓度PAM废水的研究

研究了PAM在天然钠基膨润土上的吸附行为,将其应用于含高浓度PAM（100～200 mg/L）的生产废水处理。静态条件下,膨润土的吸附平衡时间为1.5 h,最有效的吸附材料投加量为100 mg/100 mL水样。实验证明,低温度变化范围和弱酸、弱碱条件对PAM的吸附行为不产生显著影响。在最佳吸附动力学条件下,以活性炭做参比,利用实验的结论对化工厂中PAM生产废水进行吸附处理,结果表明,在对PAM废水中对PAM的吸附量分别可达到30.1和22.4 mg/g,膨润土是性价比较高的吸附处理材料。     

膜生物反应器在废水脱氮除磷中的应用

介绍了两种膜生物反应器（MBR）脱氮除磷工艺：单一反应器间歇曝气MBR工艺和厌氧一好氧MBR工艺。总结了MBR脱氮除磷工艺的国内外研究进展、工艺特点及处理效果,重点探讨了MBR脱氮除磷工艺中同步硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化及反硝化除磷的机理,并指出了今后MBR脱氮除磷进一步研究的重点及方向。     

芘高效降解菌ZQ5的培养条件及无机元素对其降解效率的影响

以从我国最大的石油污水灌区之一——沈抚灌区污染土壤分离到的以芘为惟一碳源、能源生长的高效降解菌株ZQ5为实验材料,通过对菌株ZQ5培养条件的优化,以及采用摇瓶振荡培养方法测定菌株ZQ5对不同浓度芘的降解率,表明:菌株ZQ5在30℃振荡培养16 d后对150 mg/L芘的降解率为90.31%。通过模拟稻田施用N、P和K肥等的土壤环境,探索了无机营养元素对降解菌ZQ5降解能力的影响,发现土壤中混合加入N、P和K无机营养元素的降解率能达到82%以上,比单加某种营养元素对降解菌ZQ5的降解效果好。本研究结果可以指导稻田PAHs的原位生物修复。     

NaClO2/NaClO复合吸收液同时脱硫脱硝

针对NaClO2氧化吸收法脱硫脱硝成本过高,难以实现工业化的现状,提出了以NaClO2/NaClO为复合吸收剂的同时脱硫脱硝新方法,比单独NaClO2方法效率高,成本低。考虑实际工况条件,给定SO2与NO的初始浓度分别为2 850 mg/m3和670 mg/m3。结果表明,吸收液初始pH为6.0,液气比L/G为20 L/m3,反应温度为55℃时,平均脱硫脱硝效率分别可达99.8%和94.0%。在此基础上对反应机理进行了分析,总结出实验反应主反应方程式。该方法设备简约,操作简单,容易实现全自动控制,综合成本可以接受,比较适合中小型燃煤锅炉的烟气污染治理。     

Variations of surface O3 in August at a rural site near Shanghai: influences from the West Pacific subtropical high and anthropogenic emissions

Large day-to-day variability in O₃ and CO was observed at Chongming, a remote rural site east of Shanghai, in August 2010. High ozone periods (HOPs) that typically lasted for 3?C5?days with daily maximum ozone exceeding 102?ppb were intermittent with low ozone periods (LOPs) with daily maximum ozone less than 20?ppb. The correlation analysis of ozone with meteorological factors suggests that the large variations of surface ozone are driven by meteorological conditions correlated with the changes in the location and intensity of the west Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) associated with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). When the center of WPSH with weaker intensity is to the southeast of Chongming site, the mixing ratios and variability of surface ozone are higher. When the center of WPSH with stronger intensity is to the northeast of Chongming site, the mixing ratios and variability of surface ozone are lower. Sensitivity simulations using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model indicate that meteorological condition associated with WPSH is the primary factor controlling surface ozone at Chongming in August, while local anthropogenic emissions make significant contributions to surface ozone concentrations only during HOP.     

中晚期垃圾渗滤液的处理研究

垃圾渗滤液的处理一直是近几年污水处理领域的热点和难点问题.采用"吹脱-SBR-混凝沉淀-氯化"处理工艺对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行实验研究,确定了各工艺的最佳运行参数,并对SBR的强化进行了新的探索.结果表明,该工艺可使垃圾渗滤液的COD值从1360 mg/L下降到93.6 mg/L,BOD5值从320 mg/L降低到28mg/L,NH3-N的值从1098.6 mg/L下降到16.1 mg/L,出水色度接近无色,处理效果良好.     

嗜酸细菌在不同强度微电场下对电子废物拆解场地土壤重金属的脱除效果

为了高效脱除土壤中的重金属,在电场作用的条件下,研究不同强度的微弱直流电流对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, A.f)脱除电子废物拆解场地污染土壤中重金属的影响,设置了20、60和100 mA 3个梯度的电流强度,并分别设置接菌外加电场(F)、接菌不加电场的对照(CK1)和不接菌种外加电场的对照(CK2),总计9个处理,连续施加微电场5 d,测定目标重金属的脱除率。结果表明:在电流强度为20 mA的条件下,A.f菌提高了对污染土壤重金属的脱除率。在第5天,对土壤中重金属Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Cr的脱除效果最佳,脱除率分别达到91%、72%、78%、85%、56%;脱除后,土壤重金属含量低于《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 36600-2018)中的要求。加菌加电场的处理与单施加电场或接菌处理的条件相比,土壤重金属的脱除率提高18%以上。研究发现,嗜酸细菌在20 mA左右的微电场作用下可以存活,施加适当电场可以提高A.f菌对污染土壤的重金属脱除率,也为电化学和微生物联合修复土壤的实际应用提供了参考。     

张家口冬季温度特征分析

利用张家口 1981-2018年14个站点的温度数据,通过数理统计获得月、季数据并进行分析,选用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法进行突变检测,同时运用小波分析(wavelet analysis)方法,揭示了隐藏在时间序列中的变化周期,分析了冬季张家口地区的温度时空分布特征.结果显示,张家口地区温度呈上升趋势.坝上地...     

Spatial assessment for groundwater quality based on GIS and improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment with entropy weights

The objective of the research is to evaluate spatial groundwater quality based on improved fuzzy comprehensive assessment model with entropy weights(FCAEW)in geographical information system(GIS)environment.This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of groundwater and sets up an evaluation model applying GIS and FCAEW.Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed from 29 wells in Zhenping County,China.Six parameters were chosen including chloride,sulfate,total hardness,nitrate,fluoride and color.Better spatial interpolation methods for evaluated parameters are found out and selected according to the minimum cross-validation errors from the interpolation methods.FCAEW model was carried out with the help of GIS which makes the evaluating process simpler and easier and more automatically,effectively,efficiently and intelligently.The result embodies the feasibility and effectiveness of FCAEW in GIS when compared with other comprehensive evaluation methods.