种子发芽势在环境污染监测中作为生物指标的尝试

本文用测定种子发芽势的方法，对Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋Ａｓ３－的生物毒害效应进行了试验，结果表明，种子发芽指数能很好地反映不同浓度Ｃｄ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ａｓ３－的生物毒害作用．种子发芽势试验也可用于多成分污染物的生物毒性判别，通过相关分析或复回归分析可以大致判别出多成分污染物中何种成分生物毒性大．     

闸北区大气硫酸盐化速率和二氧化硫相关性分析

硫酸盐化速率和二氧化硫都是大气含硫化合物的监测指标。通过对2006年-2008年两者监测数据的分析,可以发现总体上冬春季硫酸盐化速率和二氧化硫浓度高于夏秋季,并且两者存在一定的相关性,可以用一线性方程来表示,对硫酸盐化速率的测定和二氧化硫的监测具有指导意义,保证提供准确监测数据。     

秦皇岛市海水入侵现状及防治对策研究

海水入侵是一种严重的地质灾害,它可引起机井报废、土壤盐渍化、地下管线腐蚀等一系列生态环境问题。秦皇岛市自20世纪80年代开始,在沿海的石河、汤河、洋河、戴河等入海口以及昌黎县、抚宁县灌区,先后发生了海水入侵现象,且有范围越来越广、程度越来越重的趋势,给当地工农业生产带来了巨大影响。通过分析秦皇岛市海水入侵的原因,提出修建沿海防护工程是治理海水入侵的有效措施,合理开采地下水、节约用水、进行污水和雨水资源化、海水淡化等减少淡水开采或补充地下淡水层是解决海水入侵的根本措施。     

Modeling Monthly Fluctuations in Submersion Area of a Dammed River Reservoir: A Case Study1

Lu, Haorong, S. Samuel Li, and Jinsong Guo, 2012. Modeling Monthly Fluctuations in Submersion Area of a Dammed River Reservoir: A Case Study. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐13. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12003 Abstract: Fluctuations in water submersion of the Three Gorges Reservoir in China have not been explored in spite of their important implications for shoreline erosion and other undesirable consequences. This article aims to quantify the monthly fluctuations in response to changing hydraulic parameters and regional climatic factors. Flow velocity and water levels distributed along the 609‐km long dammed river reservoir are calculated with a one‐dimensional hydrodynamics model. Evaporation of water from the surface of the reservoir is determined using mass transfer‐based methods. Calculated flow velocities and water levels compare well with field data. We show that the water surface slope decreases with rising water level at the dam, and decreases to almost zero during the winter months of water storage when the downstream water level reaches the normal pool level. The submersion area varies between 830 and 1,070 km² over the year or over 20% of the reservoir zone will experience the annual cycle of dry land and partial or complete submersion. These fluctuations are of relevance to shoreline management and to the prevention and restoration of shoreline erosion. Evaporation is estimated to fluctuate between 1,240 and 26,110 tons of water per month per kilometer length of reservoir channel; this can possibly affect the hydrological budget of the reservoir region. The simple methodologies discussed in this article can easily be applied to other dammed river reservoirs for submersion estimates.     

从美国《濒危物种法》对我国《野生动物保护法》的反思

濒危物种是人类的宝贵遗产，各国在1973年的濒危动植物种国际贸易公约(简称CITES)影响下，纷纷制定国内法以期有效保护和管理濒危物种。仅就1973年美国《濒危物种法》和1988年我国《野生动物保护法》的某些方面作一初步比较，寻求差异的原因，希望对我国濒危物种立法完善有所裨益。     

工程菌处理高纯二甲醚生产废水的研究

工程菌LEY7是以假单胞菌D3 菌株 (Pseudomonassp.D3 )为受体 ,以缓慢牙孢杆菌 3RM2 菌株 (Bacilluslentus 3RM2 ) ,假单胞菌W1 (Pseudomonassp .W1 )和W2 (Pseudomonassp .W2 )为供体 ,用多基因转化原生质球构建而成。工程菌LEY7能同时降解 4种化合物。用工程菌LEY7处理化工废水 ,工艺采用二级氧化。处理效果 :进水COD =10 0 0mg/L ,处理后出水COD在 10 0mg/L以下。COD去除率达到 90 %以上。     

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic inactivation of bacteriophage f2 by Cu-TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of humic acid

Pathogenic viruses in drinking water are great threats to public health. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is a promising technology for virus inactivation. However, the existing photocatalytic antiviral research studies have mostly been carried out in single-component systems, neglecting the effect of natural organic matter, which exists widely in actual water bodies. In this paper, electrospun Cu-TiO₂ nanofibers were prepared as photocatalysts, and their photocatalytic antiviral performance in the presence of humic acid (HA) was comprehensively studied for the first time. The properties of the reaction mixture were measured during the reaction. In addition, the safety, reliability and stability of photocatalytic disinfection in the mixed system were evaluated. The results showed that the virus removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the HA concentration. The type of reaction solution, such as PBS buffer solution or water, did not affect the removal efficiency noticeably. Under acidic conditions, the electrostatic forces between photocatalysts and viruses were strengthened, leading to higher virus removal efficiency. As the reaction time went on, the pH value in the solution increased first and then tended to be stable, the conductivity remained stable, and the dissolved oxygen increased first and then decreased. The safety test showed that the concentration of Cu ions released into the solution was lower than specified by the international standards. No photoreactivation was observed, and the addition of HA significantly reduced the reutilization efficiency of the photocatalysts.     

CFB锅炉环保项目SNCR工艺优化提效研究

某炼化企业自备电厂循环流化床锅炉(简称CFB锅炉)环保项目所采用的脱硝方法为选择性非催化还原脱硝(简称SNCR),使用的还原剂为尿素,SNCR系统投用后,虽然能使NOX排放量显著下降,但尿素用量明显过度,增加了企业脱硝成本,并导致脱硫废水氨氮含量超标。为了应对这一情况,本研究主要通过现场调节锅炉运行参数,以及基于CFD建模的方法研究出高效可靠的SNCR工艺优化调整策略及方法,结果表明:在锅炉燃料煤∶焦=4∶1掺烧比例下,氧含量不宜超过3%,有利于降低NOX生成量;控制减少石灰石量有助于提升NOX的脱除效率;通过模拟计算发现下半部喷枪起到主要的脱硝作用,可适当减少上半部喷枪、提升环下半部喷枪的尿素喷入量来提高脱硝效率。为煤焦混烧CFB锅炉脱硝系统的优化提供指导和借鉴作用。     

石煤提钒工艺中烟气污染物排放控制研究

介绍了传统钠法焙烧石煤提钒生产工艺的原理及烟气污染物产生和治理现状,提出了一种新型的焙烧工艺及烟气污染防治技术,阐述了工艺原理,并与传统工艺和方法进行了比较分析。基于中试试验报告及监测数据,研究分析了烟气污染物防治措施的技术可行性,针对烟气排放中存在的问题及原因进行了探讨,并提出了改进措施及建议,旨在为石煤提钒企业在烟气污染物治理控制方面提供参考。     

Waste oyster shell as a kind of active filler to treat the combined wastewater at an estuary

Estuaries have been described as one of the most difficult environments on Earth. It is difficult to know how to treat the combined wastewater in tidal rivers at the estuary, where the situation is very different from ordinary fresh water rivers. Waste oyster shell was used as the active filler in this study in a bio-contact oxidation tank to treat the combined wastewater at the Fengtang Tidal River. With a middle-experimental scale of 360 ma/day, the average removal efficiency of COD, BOD, NH3-N, TP and TSS was 80.05%, 85.02%, 86.59%, 50.58% and 85.32%, respectively, in this bio-contact oxidation process. The living microbes in the biofilms on the waste oyster shell in this bio-contact oxidation tank, which were mainly composed of zoogloea, protozoa and micro-metazoa species, revealed that waste oyster shell as the filler was suitable material for combined wastewater degradation. This treatment method using waste oyster shell as active filler was then applied in a mangrove demonstration area for water quality improvement near the experiment area, with a treatment volume of 5 × 10^3 m^3/day. Another project was also successfully applied in a constructed wetland, with a wastewater treatment volume of 1 ×10^3 m^3/day. This technology is therefore feasible and can easily be applied on a larger scale,