Influence of nonionic surfactant on the solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene

Phenanthrene was solubilized in two different nonionic surfactants, Tween80 and Triton X-100. The bioavailability of phenanthrane to the bacteria isolated from the petroleum contaminated soils was studied based on the rotary flasks experiments. The results showed that the concentration of nonionic surfactants above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can increase the solubility of phenanthrene in water andwere innoxious to the phenanthrene-degrading bacteria; phenanthrene solubilized in the micelles of Tween80 was bioavailable and biodegradable. The research demonstrated the potential of surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of soils contaminated by hydrophobic organic comoounds( HOCs).     

高炉炉体冷却水水质稳定处理

用复合水稳药剂对高炉炉体冷却水进行水质稳定处理,系统处理后结垢附着速度0.14.m·c·m,腐蚀速度0.033mm/a.本法应用于石家庄钢铁厂高炉净环水.     

掺杂ZrO2、TiO2、γ－Al2O3对Pt、Pd／Al2O3燃烧

运用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＤＴＡ等测试技术，研究并考察了掺杂ＺｒＯ２，ＴｉＯ２，ｒ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３对Ｐｔ－Ｐｄ．Ａｌ２Ｏ３燃烧催化剂性能的影响，结果表明，ＺｒＯ２对Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶相的γ型转为α型有明显的抑制作用，而ＴｉＯ２的添入则起促进作用。     

从烟道灰中分离回收铜和锌

采用焙烧——浸出——净化——电解工艺对含铜烟道灰泥进行回收铜锌的工艺条件研究。实验表明,烟道灰泥在650℃焙烧2小时,然后采用20％H_2SO_4在固液比(S:L)为1:3.5和温度为60～65℃条件下浸出1小时,可获得Cu浸出率89％、锌浸出率95％的良好效果。同时,在pH-2、T=100℃条件下,对浸出液采用黄钾铁矾法除铁,使净化液中铁含量小于2g/L。该溶液经电解处理后,可获得电解铜和工业级硫酸锌产品     

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicides on soil (I). Structural influence of chloroacetanilide herbicide for their adsorption on soils and its components

Adsorption of chloroacetanilide herbicide acetochlor,alachlor, metolachlor and propachlor on soils and soil components was determined, and the structural differences of these herbicides were used to explain the order of sorptivity. Adsorption isotherms for all herbicide-soil combinations conformed to the Freundlich equation, and Kf increased with increasing soil organic carbon content. Kd on soil humic acid was greater than that on clay, but association of humic acid with clay reduced the overall adsorption. On all soils and soil humic acids, herbicide adsorption decreased in the order: metolachlor > acetochlor > propachlor > alachlor. On Ca²⁺-montmorrilonite, the order changed to metolachlor > acetochlor > alachlor > propachlor. FT-IR spectra of herbicide-clay or herbicide-humic acid-clay mixtures showed that H-bonding and charge transfer were the primary interaction pathways between these compounds and the surface of clay or humic acids. The different moieties attached to 2-chloro-acetanilide and their unique arrangement may have influenced the binding mechanisms and thus the sorptivity of these herbicides. This study indicates that the structural difference of pesticides in the same classes may be used as a molecular probe to obtain a better understanding of sorption mechanisms of pesticides on soil.     

Effect of ceria on copper/γ-alumina catalysts for carbon monoxide and n-hexane oxidation

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｃｅｒｉａｏｎｃｏｐｐｅｒ／γ－ａｌｕｍｉｎａｃａｔａｌｙｓｔｓｆｏｒｃａｒｂｏｎｍｏｎｏｘｉｄｅａｎｄｎ－ｈｅｘａｎｅｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎ￥ＪｉａｎｇＸｉａｏｙｕａｎ；ＺｈｏｕＲｅｎｘｉａｎ；ＹｕａｎＸｉａｎｘｉｎ；ＺｈｅｎｇＸｉａｏ...     

北京城区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的矿物学研究

使用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和扫描电镜技术(SEM/EDX)对北京PM10中的矿物组分进行了分析.结果表明,北京PM10中的矿物组分存在明显的季节变化规律,春季PM10中的矿物组成种类最多;秋季PM10中的矿物种类最少;在夏季PM10中,矿物的种类有所减少,却有新的物种出现,如NH4Cl、K(NH4)Ca(SO4)2?H2O、As2O3?SO3等.粘土矿物是北京PM10中含量最高的矿物,石英的含量次之,其他依次为方解石、石膏、长石、白云石以及其他矿物颗粒;北京PM10中还存在一定数量的复合颗粒,颗粒表面常有S、Cl元素的存在.     

阴离子表面活性剂生物降解动力学研究

采用OECD筛选试验法,对LAS的生物降解规律进行了试验,并通过各影响因素观察LAS在微生物作用下的生物降解过程,揭示其在水环境中的降解规律。研究结果表明,目前将遍使用的LAS的生物降解率可达到95％以上;温度和LAS初始浓度对LAS降解速度有较大的影响。根据实验结果得到LAS降解动力学方程式为:-dc/dt=k_0exp(-57000/RT),k_0=2.604×10~9+5.910×10~8CL_0;实验所建立的动力学模型,对研究实际河流的LAS降解规律具有普遍的适用性。     

探索安全监督管理新模式

为了强化油田的安全生产监督管理,胜利油田安全环保处于2004年在黄河钻井总公司等单位开展试点建立了安全监督站,并相继成立了胜利油田西部安全监督办公室和川东北安全监督办公室.2005年,油田主要生产单位也相继建立了安全监督站,初步形成了覆盖油田生产作业现场的安全监督网络.监督站的运行方式是拉网式、全天候对生产作业场所进行监督检查,采用了旬通报、月公报和网上通报等方式,取得了一定的效果,使得油田的安全生产形势有所好转.2005年10月11日,胜利油田安全生产监察支队挂牌成立,标志着胜利油田正式建立起了五级安全监督检查队伍.在此对监察支队的管理和运行模式进行初步的探讨.     

污水灌区土壤盐分动态研究

以天津东郊污灌区(慢速渗滤系统)为试验点,总结了土壤盐分的变化规律,并以粮地、菜地、稻地为代表分析了土壤中盐分变化动态,用污灌区土壤盐分动态平衡公式C_K-C_h=C_B-C_O测算,结果表明,只要灌区排水条件好,加上合理的科学灌溉,污灌区土壤盐分变化趋势是脱盐占主导地位,土壤中的钠吸附比(SAR)有所改善,土壤质量有所提高.