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921.
Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) technique and geographic information system(GIS) platform,with statistic data of counties in 2005,this paper confirms that there is a large population density gap between counties in 2005 because the Gini coefficient is 0.55.Population distribution does not change a lot during the past decades,and the southeast China is still much more densely populated than the northwest China.The global spatial autocorrelation of population distribution is obvious because Moran’s I scores 0.42 and local spatial autocorrelation is partly significant.Climate and elevation are still the main natural influencing factors.Meanwhile industrial structure and transportation significantly influence population distribution.Different combinations of natural factors have different effects on population distribution.For a long term,climate and terrain factor stability affect population distribution.But its influence will be weakened by progress of technology.Economic development is the main factor that changes population distribution for a short term. 相似文献
922.
In this work, Bi4NbxTa(1−x)O8I photocatalysts have been synthesized by solid state reaction method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and UV-Vis near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of these photocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solutions under visible light, UV light and solar irradiation. The effects of catalyst dosage, initial pH and MO concentration on the removal efficiency were studied, and the photocatalytic reaction kinetics of MO degradation as well. The results indicated that Bi4NbxTa(1−x)O8I exhibited high photocatalytic activity for the removal of MO in aqueous solutions. For example, the removal efficiency of MO by Bi4Nb0.1Ta0.9O8I was as high as 92% within 12 h visible light irradiation under the optimal conditions: initial MO concentration of 5-10 mg L−1, catalyst dosage of 6 g L−1 and natural pH (6-8), the MO molecules could be completely degradated by Bi4Nb0.1Ta0.9O8I within 40 min under UV light irradiation, and the photodegradation efficiency reaches to 60% after 7 h solar irradiation. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) was also investigated under visible light irradiation. It is found that 99% BPA could be mineralized by Bi4Nb0.1Ta0.9O8I after 16 h visible light irradiation. Through HPLC/MS, BOD, TOC, UV-Vis measurements, we determined possible degradation products of MO and BPA. The results indicated that MO was degradated into products which are easier to be biodegradable and innocuous treated, and BPA could be mineralized completely. Furthermore, the possibility for the photosensitization effect in the degradation process of MO under visible light irradiation has been excluded. 相似文献
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925.
Fenton氧化-絮凝耦合去除水中As(Ⅲ)的机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了改善亚铁(Fe(Ⅱ))絮凝去除水中As(Ⅲ)的效果,对Fe(Ⅱ)/H2O2(Fenton试剂)氧化-絮凝耦合工艺进行了研究。以5 mg/L的As(Ⅲ)模拟废水为处理对象,对比了Fenton氧化-絮凝耦合处理As(Ⅲ)和单一Fe(Ⅱ)絮凝的效果。结果表明:单一絮凝对总砷的去除率只有60%左右,而氧化-絮凝耦合的去除率可达99.3%;氧化-絮凝耦合产生的絮体粒度约为单一絮凝的3倍,明显增强了絮凝沉降性能。SEM、XRD、BET测试结果表明:Fenton氧化-絮凝耦合去除水中As(Ⅲ)产生的絮体初级粒子是一种无定形纳米颗粒;氧化-絮凝耦合反应产生的Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ)混合态水解形成纳米胶体,对As(Ⅴ)的絮凝吸附优于As(Ⅲ)。氧化还原电位的测定表明As(Ⅲ)被迅速氧化为As(Ⅴ),且是一种原位氧化-絮凝反应过程。 相似文献
926.
环境资源的外部性特征决定了政府干预的必要性,当前我国推进碳交易试点、规范碳交易秩序等均需要完善的碳交易管理体制支撑。结合欧盟、澳大利亚、美国等国家建立碳交易管理体制的经验和启示,立足我国碳交易管理体制的现状和面临的主要问题,本文提出构建国务院、国家部委、地方政府、交易所、中介机构、专家组织组成的六位一体的协调分工管理体制。由国务院应对气候变化领导小组统一指导,国家发展改革委负责碳排放权管理,环保部承担注册、登记、核查、监测等职能,其他相关部委积极配合并提供相关支持。在地方层面设立对应的碳排放权交易管理机构,积极推进碳交易试点,进行区域性碳交易市场的探索和实践。中介机构的培育包括四类:独立的第三方认证机构、金融机构、信息服务机构和行业协会。专家组织层面则依托国家气候变化专家委员会等开展各种课题研究为政府决策者提供前瞻性、战略性、预警性的政策建议。考虑到碳交易管理体制的建立是一项长期的系统工程,本文提出了三阶段的推进措施。 相似文献
927.
Fan Li Yue Zhan Dandan Liu Dongbo Liu Hongmei Xia Shan Chen 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):1143-1149
The fermentation conditions for poly(l-lactide) (PLA)-degrading enzyme production by Amycolatopsis orientalis ssp. orientalis were statistically optimized by response surface methodology. The optimal value of the most important factors was 0.39 % PLA and 0.34 % gelatin for 2.81 days of cultivation. Under these conditions, the model predicted a PLA-degrading activity of 155.30 U/l. The verification showed the production amount of 154.2 U/l. The crude enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis showed potent PLA-degrading ability, which is efficient for the biological recycling of PLA. Up to 4,000 mg/l of PLA granule was completely degraded within 5 days at 45 °C by the crude enzyme. l-lactic acid (600 mg/l) was obtained as a degradation product of PLA after only 2 h of incubation. The results indicated that the crude PLA-degrading enzyme from A. orientalis ssp. orientalis has the potential to degrade PLA to lactic acid for the recycling of PLA industry and waste disposal. 相似文献
928.
基于最佳管理实践(BMP)理念和方法,以中新生态城为例,采用多属性决策分析方法的ELECTRE-Ⅲ方法和模型,采用VisualBasic语言自行编制辅助计算机程序,对该地区8种雨水控制管理措施进行了优化比选。优选结果表明,对于中新生态城,8种雨水控制管理措施的优选排序为:湿地〉地下蓄水库〉人渗沟〉可渗透路面砖〉道路边沟〉绿色屋顶〉下凹绿地〉绿化缓冲带。 相似文献
929.
以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3%~5%之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求. 相似文献
930.
包覆型纳米零价铁的制备及其去除水中的活性艳蓝 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用流变相法,以FeSO4.7H2O∶KBH4=1∶2(摩尔比)为固相介质,0.06 g/mL CMC(羧甲基纤维素)水溶液为液相介质,固液比1∶2,反应2 h制备出包覆型纳米零价铁;采用XRD、TEM等手段对合成的纳米零价铁进行表征。探讨不同反应条件对包覆型纳米铁去除活性艳蓝的影响。实验结果表明,初始活性艳蓝(浓度100 mg/L)pH为5,包覆型纳米铁的投加量为6 g/L,反应时间为30 min时,活性艳蓝的去除率可达96%。通过研究机理,其吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学,降解过程符合一级反应动力学。 相似文献