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191.
As part of the research project “information system for environmental chemicals” a factual databank on a testset of 68 chemicals was developed. The set-up of the databank is described and the analysis of the results is shown for benzo(k)fluoranthene using a graphical boxplot illustration. 相似文献
192.
Michael Neumann Joachim Baumeister Matthias Liess und Ralf Schulz 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2003,15(3):152-156
Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung, der Aufbau und die Evaluierung eines biologischen Indikatorsystems für die Pflanzenschutzmittel-Belastung
in kleinen Flie?gew?ssern wird vorgestellt. In Flie?gew?ssern mit landwirtschaftlichem Einzugsgebiet stuft das Expertensystem
LIMPACT die Belastung in vier Klassen ‘unbelastet/nicht nachgewiesen’, ‘gering’, ‘mittel’ und ‘hoch’ belastet ein. Eingangsdaten
sind dabei die Abundanzdaten der benthischen Makroinvertebraten-Fauna zu vier Terminen im Jahresverlauf (M?rz/April; Mai/Juni;
Juli/August; September/Oktober) und neun physikalisch-chemische bzw. morphologische Flie?gew?sserparameter. Die Wissenbasis
wurde mit dem Shellbaukasten D3 aufgebaut und enth?lt 921 Regeln zum etablieren oder de-etablieren einer Bewertungsklasse.
Es wurden 39 Arten und Taxa analysiert und dabei 13 positive und 24 negative Indikatorspezies definiert. Positive Indikatorarten
zeigen eine hohe Belastung durch hohe Abundanzen an, w?hrend negative Indikatorarten durch eine hohe Abundanz eine Belastung
ausschlie?en und unbelastete B?che anzeigen. Die Datenbasis enthielt 157 j?hrliche Untersuchungen und wurde auch zur Evaluierung
eingesetzt. Die korrekte Klassifikationsrate liegt bei 66,7–85,5% der F?lle. Die meisten verbleibenden F?llen werden nicht
falsch eingestuft, sondern infolge der konservativen Bewertung bei geringer Datengrundlage nicht klassifiziert.
Online First: 31.05.2002 相似文献
193.
194.
195.
Natalie Riedel Heike Köckler Joachim Scheiner Klaus Berger 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(2):336-356
Borrowing from concepts of socio-environmental epidemiology and psychology, we conceived self-rated health as a function of multiple physical and psychosocial stressors and resources at the residential neighbourhood and individual level. In this model of multiple stressors, objective exposure to road traffic noise was specified as a physical stressor whose effect on health may be mediated and modified by residents’ subjective response to noise (serious noise annoyance). Self-reported hearing disability, recreational coping in green areas and residential neighbourhood satisfaction were examined as additional psychosocial stressors or resources, independently of socio-demographic and -economic factors. Results from our empirical analysis based on two studies and multivariable logistic regressions might support the idea that environmental planning should overcome sectoral boundaries and adopt an integrative approach including objective exposures, residents’ subjective responses, and perceived resources. 相似文献
196.
197.
Jianbin Guo Renjie Dong Joachim Clemens Wei Wang 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(11):2219-2224
Many Chinese biogas plants run in the lower range of mesophilic conditions. This study evaluated the performance of a completely stirred anaerobic reactor treating pig manure at different temperatures (20, 28 and 38 °C). The start-up phase of the reactor at 20 °C was very long and extremely poor performance was observed with increasing organic loading rate (OLR). At an OLR of 4.3 g ODM L?1 d?1, methane production at 28 °C was comparable (3% less) with that at 38 °C, but the risk of acidification was high at 28 °C. At low OLR (1.3 g ODM L?1 d?1), the biogas process appeared stable at 28 °C and gave same methane yields as compared to the reactor operating at 38 °C. The estimated sludge yield at 28 °C was 0.065 g VSS g?1 CODremoved, which was higher than that at 38 °C (0.016 g VSS g?1 CODremoved). 相似文献
198.
Luis Carlos Belalcazar Alain Clappier Nadège Blond Thomas Flassak Joachim Eichhorn 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(31):3814-3822
Road traffic emission factors (EFs) are one of the main sources of uncertainties in emission inventories; it is necessary to develop methods to reduce these uncertainties to manage air quality more efficiently. Recently an alternative method has been proposed to estimate the EFs. In that work the emission factors were estimated from a long term tracer study developed in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) Vietnam. A passive tracer was continuously emitted from a finite line source placed in one side of an urban street canyon. Simultaneously, the resulting tracer concentrations were monitored at the other side of the street. The results of this experiment were used to calculate the dispersion factors and afterwards, these dispersion factors were used to estimate the EFs. In this paper we use the Computational Fluids Dynamics (CFD) model WinMISKAM to critically evaluate the proposed methodology.In a first step, we use the results of the tracer study to validate the CFD model. Results show that the model is able to simulate quite well the tracer dispersion in most of the cases. The model is then used to evaluate the effect of varying the source configuration and to correct the EFs. A comparison with available studies shows that the corrected EFs are within the range of the EFs reported in other studies. Finally, the CFD model is used to find a source configuration that better represents the vehicle emissions and that may be used in future studies to estimate the EFs more accurately. Results show that a 200 m line placed in the center of the street would represent very well the vehicle emissions. This work shows that it is possible to accurately estimate the EFs from tracer studies. 相似文献
199.
Andrea Luna-Acosta Paco Bustamante Joachim Godefroy Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin Hélène Thomas-Guyon 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):999-1008
Background, aim, and scope
In this study, a suite of sublethal stress biomarkers were analyzed in juveniles of the sentinel species, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, with a view to using them as pollution monitoring tools. The aim of this work was (1) to study baseline seasonal variations of biomarkers in different body compartments of C. gigas in the reference site and, after selecting biomarkers presenting no seasonal variations, (2) to compare responses of these biomarkers between contaminated and reference sites. 相似文献200.
Anders?Lindblad?VendelboeEmail author Joachim?Rozemeijer Lis?Wollesen?de Jonge Hubert?de Jonge 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2016,188(3):190
In view of their crucial role in water and solute transport, enhanced monitoring of agricultural subsurface drain tile systems is important for adequate water quality management. However, existing monitoring techniques for flow and contaminant loads from tile drains are expensive and labour intensive. The aim of this study was to develop a cost-effective and simple method for monitoring loads from tile drains. The Flowcap is a modified Sutro weir (MSW) unit that can be attached to the outlet of tile drains. It is capable of registering total flow, contaminant loads and flow-averaged concentrations. The MSW builds on a modern passive sampling technique that responds to hydraulic pressure and measures average concentrations over time (days to months) for various substances. Mounting the samplers in the MSW allowed a flow-proportional part of the drainage to be sampled. Laboratory testing yielded high linear correlation between the accumulated sampler flow, q total, and accumulated drainage flow, Q total (r 2?>?0.96). The slope of these correlations was used to calculate the total drainage discharge from the sampled volume, and therefore contaminant load. A calibration of the MSW under controlled laboratory condition was needed before interpretation of the monitoring results was possible. The MSW does not require a shed, electricity, or maintenance. This enables large-scale monitoring of contaminant loads via tile drains, which can improve contaminant transport models and yield valuable information for the selection and evaluation of mitigation options to improve water quality. Results from this type of monitoring can provide data for the evaluation and optimisation of best management practices in agriculture in order to produce the highest yield without water quality and recipient surface waters being compromised. 相似文献