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341.
Joachim G. Frommen Marion Mehlis Christina Brendler Theo C. M. Bakker 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(4):533-539
Shoaling with familiar kin is a well-known phenomenon. It has been described both for adult and for fry of three-spined sticklebacks
(Gasterosteus aculeatus). However, evidence of preference for kin independent of familiarity is scarce. Furthermore, inbreeding effects have not
been studied for shoaling preferences and there is a lack of studies about changes in individuals’ ability to recognise kin
during different phases of life history. We gave inbred and outbred, nonreproductive sticklebacks of different age the choice
to shoal with a group of familiar siblings vs unfamiliar non-siblings and with unfamiliar siblings vs unfamiliar non-siblings.
Subadult sticklebacks preferred to shoal with familiar kin over unfamiliar non-kin, but inbred and outbred individuals had
similar preferences. When given the choice between unfamiliar siblings and unfamiliar non-sibs, adult outbred fish preferred
the shoal of kin, while inbred fish behaved indifferently. Body characteristics of the group such as body mass, standard length
and condition of its members did not significantly explain the shoaling preferences for kin. Thus, sticklebacks were capable
of recognising familiar and unfamiliar kin. The latter capability was lost by inbreeding. 相似文献
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Gerrit Schüürmann Klaus-Dieter Wenzel Ludwig Weißflog Klaus Wienhold Eckhard Müller 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1994,6(5):265-270
The spatial variation of the immission patterns of Cr, Fe, Pb and V in the region Leipzig-Halle is dicussed in terms of similarities as well as dissimilarities. The representation by isopleths enables the identification of areas with high and low air pollution. The immission patterns can be used as criteria to select areas suitable for in-field testing so that possible effects on fauna und flora and xenobiotic fluxes can be studied at representative sites. The comparison with literature data yields a first characterization of the ecotoxic potential of the heavy-metal immission for the region. By the principal component analysis a comparative evaluation of the spatial structure of all element contents is performed, which leads to conclusions about emission sources and the physicochemical behaviour of the elements. 相似文献
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