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101.
Prévot-Julliard AC Clavel J Teillac-Deschamps P Julliard R 《Environmental management》2011,48(5):882-884
This paper is an answer to the Caplat and Coutts forum about our previous paper “The need for flexibility in conservation
practices: exotic species as an example”. We precise here why we proposed to consider exotic species as well as indigenous
species in the reconnection framework in human-modified environments. One argument is that consistent and understandable arguments
must be used in the communication from scientists to the public, in order not to decrease the gap between science and society. 相似文献
102.
Examining relationships between climate change and mental health in the Circumpolar North 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Darla Hatton MacDonald Mary Barnes Jeff Bennett Mark Morrison Michael D. Young 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(3):719-728
ABSTRACT: A series of reforms in the water industry in Australia has created a demand from the industry and regulators for objective methodologies to evaluate incremental changes in the customer service standards. In this paper, the use of choice modeling for estimating implicit prices associated with urban water supply attributes is explored. Results from multinomial logit (MNL) and random parameters logit (RPL) models show that increases in annual water bills and the frequency of future interruptions were the most important attributes. Implicit price confidence intervals based on the best models suggest that people are willing to pay positive amounts to achieve a water supply that is less frequently interrupted. The provision of alternative water supplies during an interruption and notification of the interruption were found to be unimportant to respondents. Choice modeling proved to be a useful technique and provided the industry and regulators with additional information for standard setting. 相似文献
106.
The sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, is a benthic suspension feeder that captures food particles on its tentacles and then inserts them into its mouth one at
a time. Previous studies have suggested that tentacle insertion rate (TIR) could be a useful indicator of food intake. The
present study determined whether flow velocity affects TIR and whether TIR is a good indicator of ingestion. Video observations
of sea cucumbers in Passamaquoddy Bay (45°01.70N, 66°55.74W) in August 1995 showed that TIRs increased with velocities up
to 55 cm s−1 and decreased steadily at flows above that up to 130 cm s−1. In October 2006, laboratory flume studies were carried out on specimens collected from the same site in the previous August.
Temperature and salinity (12°C and 32) in the flume were the same as in the field at the time of collection. There was high
individual variation in feeding behavior at free-stream velocities of 4–40 cm s−1 and TIR was independent of flow. As the number of tentacle insertions increased in the flume experiments, the amount of chloropigments
in the digestive tracts of the sea cucumbers also increased. This suggests that TIR, which can be measured non-intrusively
using remote video techniques, could be a good indicator of feeding behavior and ingestion in C. frondosa. 相似文献
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Cesar Rodriguez-Saona Therese M. Poland James R. Miller Lukasz L. Stelinski Gary G. Grant Peter de Groot Linda Buchan Linda MacDonald 《Chemoecology》2006,16(2):75-86
Summary. We investigated the volatile emissions of Manchurian ash seedlings, Fraxinus mandshurica, in response to feeding by the emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis, and to exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Feeding damage by adult A. planipennis and MeJA treatment increased volatile emissions compared to unexposed controls. Although the same compounds were emitted
from plants damaged by beetles and treated with MeJA, quantitative differences were found in the amounts of emissions for
individual compounds. Adult virgin female A. planipennis were similarly attracted to volatiles from plants damaged by beetles and those treated with MeJA in olfactometer bioassays;
males did not respond significantly to the same volatiles. Coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennogram detection (GC-EAD)
revealed at least 16 antennally-active compounds from F. mandshurica, including: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, hexyl acetate, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and E,E-α-farnesene. Electroantennogram (EAG) dose–response curves using synthetic compounds revealed that females had a stronger
EAG response to linalool than males; and male responses were greater to: hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butylaldoxime, 2-methyl-butylaldoxime, and hexyl acetate. These results suggest that females may
use induced volatiles in long-range host finding, while their role for males is unclear. If attraction of females to these
volatiles in an olfactometer is upheld by field experiments, host plant volatiles may find practical application in detection
and monitoring of A. planipennis populations. 相似文献
110.
Scallops (Placopecten magellanicus Gmelin) were collected during August 1989 from shallow water (10 m) and deep water (31 m) habitats at Sunnyside, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, to compare the lipid composition of eggs and adductor muscle tissue. Less favorable food levels and lower temperature conditions associated with deeper water have previously been shown to produce slower growth and reduced fecundity in individuals from this habitat. Triacylglycerol reserves consistently accounted for 60% of the total lipids present in both groups. The total lipid content of the eggs and the composition of their triacylglycerol fatty acid pools were similar in shallow water and deep water scallops, indicating very little if any nutritional difference between the two groups. Relative to their counterparts from shallow water, individuals from deeper water contained higher proportions of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] in the egg phospholipids and higher levels of 24-methylenecholesterol (a phytosterol commonly found in diatoms) in the adductor muscle. Differences in fatty acid composition are interpreted as biochemical adjustments of cell membranes to increase membrane fluidity, thereby compensating for the lower temperatures prevailing at the greater depth. 相似文献