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131.
Marvin C Charlton M Milne J Thiessen L Schachtschneider J Sardella G Sverko E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):149-161
Sediment traps were deployed in the three major basins of Lake Erie, and the central (Mississauga) basin of Lake Ontario,
and refurbished seasonally over the period 2000–2002. In Lake Ontario, sediment down-flux rates and corresponding contaminant
down-flux rates were highest in winter during periods of unstratified thermal conditions, and generally increased with depth
due to the influence of resuspended bottom sediments during all sampling periods. Lake Ontario suspended sediments exhibited
the highest concentrations of metals; concentrations of mercury and lead frequently exceeded guideline values for bottom sediments.
Contaminant levels in Lake Ontario suspended sediments were similar to concentrations in bottom sediments in the same area.
There was a spatial trend toward higher suspended sediment metals concentrations from the eastern basin to the western basin
of Lake Erie, which is similar to the trend in bottom sediment contamination. In the eastern basin of Lake Erie, which is
the deepest area of the lake, there was no trend in down-flux rate with depth in 2001; however, down-flux rates increased
with depth in 2002. Suspended sediments in the western basin of Lake Erie were determined to be largely resuspended bottom
sediments; all western basin samples collected in the study exceeded the guideline value for mercury (0.486 μg/g). 相似文献
132.
Analysis of the biological traits (e.g., feeding mode and size) that control how organisms interact with their environment has been used to identify environmental drivers of, or impacts on, species and to explain the importance of biodiversity loss. Biological trait analysis (BTA) could also be used within risk-assessment frameworks or in conservation planning if one understands the groups of traits that predict the sensitivity of habitats or communities to specific human activities. Deriving sensitivities from BTA should extend sensitivity predictions to a variety of habitats, especially those in which it would be difficult to conduct experiments (e.g., due to depth or risk to human life) and to scales beyond the norm of most experiments. We used data on epibenthos, collected via video along transects at 27 sites in a relatively pristine region of the seafloor, to determine scales of natural spatial variability of derived sensitivities and the degree to which predictions of sensitivity differed among 3 stressors (extraction of species, sedimentation, and suspended sediments) or were affected by underlying community compositions. We used 3 metrics (weighted abundance, abundance of highly sensitive species, and number of highly sensitive species) to derive sensitivity to these stressors and simulated the ability of these metrics to detect a range of stressor intensities. Regardless of spatial patterns of sensitivities across the sampled area, BTA distinguished differences in sensitivity to different stressors. The BTA also successfully separated differences in community composition from differences in sensitivity to stressors. Conversely, the 3 metrics differed widely in their ability to detect simulated impacts and likely reflect underlying ecological processes, suggesting that use of multiple metrics would be informative for spatial planning and allocating conservation priorities. Our results suggest BTA could be used as a first step in strategic prioritization of protected areas and as an underlying layer for spatial planning. 相似文献
133.
Ikebe Otomo Juliana Araujo de Jesus Tatiane Gomes Coelho Lúcia Helena Rebelo Monteiro Lucilena Hunter Colin Helwig Karin Roberts Joanne Pahl Ole 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(32):43747-43762
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The growth of two species of macrophytes (Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata) under the effect of a mixture of amoxicillin, caffeine, carbamazepine,... 相似文献
134.
Managing Protected Woodlands: Fuelwood Collection and Law Enforcement in Lake Malawi National Park 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Abstract: We examined the decisions women make in their collection of fuelwood within a protected area in Malawi. We used law enforcement data and behavioral observations of fuelwood harvesting practices to examine the risk of detection and penalties posed by law enforcement activities. Our results indicate that, at their current levels, law enforcement patrols have little effect on wood collection practices. The low risk of detection and light penalties appear to favor illegal wood collection, which is practiced by the majority of women. Alternative strategies should be pursued to enhance the conservation of the woodland and its management as a fuelwood resource for local communities. 相似文献
135.
Hooper HL Jurkschat K Morgan AJ Bailey J Lawlor AJ Spurgeon DJ Svendsen C 《Environment international》2011,37(6):1111-1117
Manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used in a range of consumer products and are already entering the environment. NP ZnO is one of the most widely used and potentially toxic NPs in aquatic exposures. It is likely that ZnO nanoparticles will also be bioavailable to soil organisms, studies on ZnO NP toxicity in a soil matrix are lacking. We exposed the earthworm Eisenia veneta to uncoated NP ZnO (<100 nm) dosed to soil and food at 250 and 750 mg Zn kg(-1) for 21 d. Concurrent exposures of equivalent ionic Zn were conducted with ZnCl(2) and for both forms effects on life history traits, immune activity and Zn body concentrations were compared. Despite slightly higher measured body concentrations, NP ZnO generally had less impact than ZnCl(2) on measured traits. At 750 mg Zn kg(-1), reproduction declined by 50% when exposed to NP ZnO but was almost completely inhibited by ZnCl(2). Similarly, immune activity was unaffected by NP ZnO but was suppressed by 20% when exposed to ZnCl(2). Scanning electron microscopy analysis of worm tissues following 24h aqueous exposure showed the presence of ZnO particles suggesting that NPs can be taken up in particulate form. This may explain the reduced effects at similar body concentrations seen in the soil study. Our findings suggest that risk assessments do not need to go beyond considering the metal component of NP ZnO in soils at least for the larger size uncoated particles considered here. 相似文献
136.
Representative Landscapes in the Forested Area of Canada 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Canada is a large nation with forested ecosystems that occupy over 60% of the national land base, and knowledge of the patterns
of Canada’s land cover is important to proper environmental management of this vast resource. To this end, a circa 2000 Landsat-derived
land cover map of the forested ecosystems of Canada has created a new window into understanding the composition and configuration
of land cover patterns in forested Canada. Strategies for summarizing such large expanses of land cover are increasingly important,
as land managers work to study and preserve distinctive areas, as well as to identify representative examples of current land-cover
and land-use assemblages. Meanwhile, the development of extremely efficient clustering algorithms has become increasingly
important in the world of computer science, in which billions of pieces of information on the internet are continually sifted
for meaning for a vast variety of applications. One recently developed clustering algorithm quickly groups large numbers of
items of any type in a given data set while simultaneously selecting a representative—or “exemplar”—from each cluster. In
this context, the availability of both advanced data processing methods and a nationally available set of landscape metrics
presents an opportunity to identify sets of representative landscapes to better understand landscape pattern, variation, and
distribution across the forested area of Canada. In this research, we first identify and provide context for a small, interpretable
set of exemplar landscapes that objectively represent land cover in each of Canada’s ten forested ecozones. Then, we demonstrate
how this approach can be used to identify flagship and satellite long-term study areas inside and outside protected areas
in the province of Ontario. These applications aid our understanding of Canada’s forest while augmenting its management toolbox,
and may signal a broad range of applications for this versatile approach. 相似文献
137.
Anthony M. Sacco Alan H. Rinsky James T. MacDonald 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):883-885
During the late spring and early summer of 1974, complaints of noisy hi-vols were being reported at an average of five or six per week. Some public reaction to noisy hi-vols was manifest by physical damage being done to samplers and to monitoring site locations as well. 相似文献
138.
Clint E. Burklin Joanne C. Seaman Julian W. Jones Richard L. Corsi 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):657-666
Abstract Emissions from municipal sewers are usually omitted from hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emission inventories. This omission may result from a lack of appreciation for the potential emission impact and/or from inadequate emission estimation procedures. This paper presents an analysis and comparison of the models available to estimate volatile organic HAP (VOHAP) emissions from sewers. Comparisons were made between the different theoretical foundations of the models, as well as between the emissions predicted by the models for a single sewer component. Sewer gas concentrations predicted by the models were also compared to measured sewer gas concentrations reported in the literature. Two of the models were compared in their ability to estimate sewer VOHAP emissions for a large U. S. city using National Pollution Discharge Effluent System data for the influent wastewater to the city's municipal wastewater treatment facilities. This estimate showed that, regardless of the model used, sewer emissions are a potentially significant source of VOHAP emissions in the urban environment. The choice of model, however, is thought to be less critical to sewer emission estimates than the source of sewer wastewater VOHAP concentration data. 相似文献
139.
Adaptive Water Resource Planning in the South Saskatchewan River Basin: Use of Scenarios of Hydroclimatic Variability and Extremes
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David J. Sauchyn Jeannine‐Marie St‐Jacques Elaine Barrow Michael W. Nemeth Ryan J. MacDonald A. Michael S. Sheer Daniel P. Sheer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):222-240
The South Saskatchewan River Basin is one of Canada's most threatened watersheds, with water supplies in most subbasins over‐allocated. In 2013, stakeholders representing irrigation districts, the environment, and municipalities collaborated with researchers and consultants to explore opportunities to improve the resiliency of the management of the Oldman and South Saskatchewan River subbasins. Streamflow scenarios for 2025‐2054 were constructed by the novel approach of regressing historical river flows against indices of large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere climate oscillations to derive statistical streamflow models, which were then run using projected climate indices from global climate models. The impacts of some of the most extreme scenarios were simulated using the hydrologic mass‐balance model Operational Analysis and Simulation of Integrated Systems (OASIS). Based on stakeholder observations, the project participants proposed and evaluated potential risk management and adaption strategies, e.g., modifying existing infrastructure, building new infrastructure, changing operations to supplement environmental flows, reducing demand, and sharing supply. The OASIS model was applied interactively at live modeling sessions with stakeholders to explore practical adaptation strategies. Our results, which serve as recommendations for policy makers, showed that forecast‐based rationing together with new expanded storage could dramatically reduce water shortages. 相似文献
140.