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排序方式: 共有151条查询结果,搜索用时 558 毫秒
71.
The quality of water in many urban rivers in Latin America is increasingly degrading due to wastewater and runoff discharges from urban sprawl. Due to deficits in sanitary drainage systems, greywater is discharged to the stormwater drainage network generating a continuous dry-weather runoff that reaches rivers without treatment. One of the main challenges in the region is to achieve sustainable management of urban runoff for the recovery of rivers ecosystem integrity. However, retrofitting conventional centralized wastewater drainage networks into the existing urban grid represents important social, economic and technical challenges. This paper presents an alternative adaptive methodology for the design of Nature-based Solutions for decentralized urban runoff treatment. Through this study, technical solutions commonly used for stormwater management were adapted for dry-weather runoff treatment and co-designed for the particular conditions of a representative study area, considering space availability as the main constraining factor for retrofitting in urban areas. The application of a co-design process in a dense neighbourhood of the Great Metropolitan area of Costa Rica brought to light valuable insights about conditions that could be hindering the implementation of NBS infrastructures in Latin America. 相似文献
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Jochen P Zubrod Dragan M Jevti? Aupaki Michael Melato Annika Agatz Dominic Englert Tilman Floehr Varja Kne?evi? Mirco Weil Markus Brinkmann 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2012,24(1):1-2
The Student Advisory Council is the speaking tube of SETAC Europe??s students aiming to support young researchers in becoming fully-fledged members of the Society. In this article we report our latest activities during the 6th SETAC World Congress/SETAC Europe 22nd Annual Meeting in Berlin, Germany, and the upcoming 3rd Young Environmental Scientists (YES) Meeting in Krakow, Poland. 相似文献
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75.
Towards a Formal Framework of Vulnerability to Climate Change 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Cezar Ionescu Richard J. T. Klein Jochen Hinkel K. S. Kavi Kumar Rupert Klein 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2009,14(1):1-16
There is confusion regarding the notion of “vulnerability” in the climate change scientific community. Recent research has
identified a need for formalisation, which would support accurate communication and the elimination of misunderstandings that
result from the use of ambiguous terminology. Moreover, a formal framework of vulnerability is a prerequisite for computational
approaches to its assessment. This paper presents an attempt at developing such a formal framework. We see vulnerability as
a relative concept in the sense that accurate statements about vulnerability are possible only if one clearly specifies (1)
the entity that is vulnerable, (2) the stimulus to which it is vulnerable and (3) the preference criteria to evaluate the
outcome of the interaction between the entity and the stimulus. We relate the resulting framework to the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change conceptualisation of vulnerability and two recent vulnerability studies.
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Gerhard Petschel-Held, whose pioneering work on syndromes of global change has been
a source of inspiration for us and for others across various schools of thought on vulnerability. 相似文献
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The use of the adsorbent styrenedivinylbenzene-reverse phase sulfonated (SDB-RPD) Empore disk in a chemcatcher type passive sampler is routinely applied in Australia when monitoring herbicides in aquatic environments. One key challenge in the use of passive samplers is mitigating the potentially confounding effects of varying flow conditions on chemical uptake by the passive sampler. Performance reference compounds (PRCs) may be applied to correct sampling rates (Rs) for site specific changed in flow and temperature however evidence suggests the use of PRCs is unreliable when applied to adsorbent passive samplers. The use of the passive flow monitor (PFM) has been introduced for the assessment of site-specific changes in water flow. In the presented study we have demonstrated that the Rs at which both atrazine and prometryn are accumulated within the SDB-RPD-Empore disk is dependent on the flow conditions. Further, the calibration of the measured Rs for chemical uptake by the SDB-RPD-Empore disk to the mass lost from the PFM has shown that the PFM provides an accurate measure of Rs for flow velocities from 0 to 16 cm s−1. Notably, for flow rates >16 cm s−1, a non linear increase in the Rs of both herbicides was observed which indicates that the key resistance to uptake into the SDB-RPD Empore disk is associated with the diffusion through the overlying diffusion limiting membrane. Overall the greatest uncertainty remains at very low flow conditions, which are unlikely to often occur in surface waters. Validation of the PFM use has also been undertaken in a limited field study. 相似文献
78.
O'Brien D Hawker D Shaw M Mueller JF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1435-1441
Passive samplers are typically calibrated under constant flow and concentration conditions. This study assessed whether concentration and/or flow pulses could be integrated using a phosphate passive sampler (P-sampler). Assessment involved three 21-day experiments featuring a pulse in flow rate, a pulse of filterable reactive phosphate (FRP) concentration and a simultaneous concentration and flow pulse. FRP concentrations were also determined by parallel grab sampling and the P-sampler calibrated with passive flow monitors (PFMs) and direct measurement of flow rates. The mass lost from the PFM over the deployment periods predicted water velocity to within 5.1, 0.48 and 7.1% when exposed to a flow rate pulse (7.5-50 cm s−1), concentration pulse (5-100 μg P L−1), or both simultaneously. For the P-sampler, good agreement was observed between the grab and passive measurements of FRP concentration when exposed to a pulse in flow (6% overestimation) or concentration (2% underestimation). 相似文献
79.
Rainer Steinbrecher Gerhard Smiatek Renate Köble Günther Seufert Jochen Theloke Karin Hauff Paolo Ciccioli Robert Vautard Gabriele Curci 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(7):1380-1391
Biogenic VOC emission estimates from the earth's surface are crucial input parameters in air quality models. Knowledge accumulated in the last years about BVOC source distributions and chemical compound species emission profiles in Europe as well as the demand of air quality modellers for a finer resolution in space and time of BVOC estimates have led to the set-up of new emission modelling systems. An updated fast BVOC emission modelling platform explicitly considering the seasonality of emission potentials and leaf temperature gradients in forest canopies by the semi-empirical emission module (seBVOC) will be proposed and used for estimating hourly values of chemical compound-specific emissions in Europe (33–68° north; 10° west to 40° east) in the years 1997, 2000, 2001, and 2003. Spatial resolution will be 10 km by 10 km. The database used contains latest land and forest distributions, updated foliar biomass densities, leaf area indices (LAI), and plant as well as chemical compound-specific emission potentials, if available. Meteorological input parameters for the respective years will be generated using the non-hydrostatic meteorological model MM5. Highest BVOC emissions occur in daytime hours around noon from the end of May to mid-August in the Mediterranean area and from the mid of June to the end of July in the boreal forests. Comparison of 3 BVOC model approaches will reveal that for July 2003, the European isoprene and monoterpene totals range from 1124 Gg to 1446 Gg and from 338 Gg to 1112 Gg, respectively. Small-scale deviations may be as high as ±0.6 Mg km?2 for July 2003, reflecting the current uncertainty range for BVOC estimates. Key sources of errors in inventories are still insufficiently detailed land use data for some areas and lacking chemically speciated plant-specific emission potentials in particular in boreal, south-eastern, and northern African landscapes. The hourly emissions of isoprene, speciated terpenes, and oxyVOC have been made available by the NatAir database. 相似文献
80.
König HJ Sghaier M Schuler J Abdeladhim M Helming K Tonneau JP Ounalli N Imbernon J Morris J Wiggering H 《Environmental management》2012,50(1):153-165
Environmental threats and progressive degradation of natural resources are considered critical impediments to sustainable development. This paper reports on a participatory impact assessment of alternative soil and water conservation (SWC) scenarios in the Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia. The first objective was to assess the impact of three SWC scenarios on key social, economic and environmental land use functions. The second objective was to test and evaluate the applicability of the 'Framework for Participatory Impact Assessment (FoPIA)' for assessing scenario impacts in the context of a developing country, in this case Tunisia. The assessed scenarios included: the originally planned SWC policy implementation at 85 % coverage of arable land of the watershed, the current implementation (70 %), and a hypothetical expansion of SWC measures to the entire watershed (100 %). Our results suggest that implementation of the SWC policy at 100 % coverage of arable land achieves the maximum socioeconomic benefit. However, if stakeholders' preferences regarding land use functions are taken into account, and considering the fact that the implementation of SWC measures also implies some negative changes to traditional landscapes and the natural system, SWC implementation at 85 % coverage of arable land might be preferable. The FoPIA approved to be a useful tool for conducting a holistic sustainability impact assessment of SWC scenarios and for studying the most intriguing sustainability problems while providing possible recommendations towards sustainable development. We conclude that participatory impact assessment contributes to an enhanced regional understanding of key linkages between policy effects and sustainable development, which provides the foundation for improved policy decision making. 相似文献