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151.
Jonas Rønningsdalen Kunst Gøril Kvamme Løset Daniel Hosøy Bjørn Bjorvatn Bente E. Moen Nils Magerøy 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):139-147
The aim of the present study was to estimate spillover effects between the work and the family sphere in a sample of nurses (N = 2058). Hierarchical regression analyses investigated whether shift work schedules were associated with negative or positive spillover, both from family to work and vice versa, controlling for demographic factors, job demands and decision latitude. With daytime work as a reference group, all types of shift work (day and evening shift, night shift only and rotating 3 shift) were associated with higher negative work-to-family spillover. Night work was associated with significantly less negative family-to-work spillover. None of the different shift work schedules were related to any type of positive spillover. The results indicate that working outside of daytime hours is less compatible with workers’ family lives, compared to working ordinary day shifts. On the other hand, working night shifts only was associated with reduced negative family-to-work spillover. 相似文献
152.
Currently, the blast furnace (BF) to basic oxygen furnace (BOF) is the dominant steel production route in the steel industry. The direct CO2 emission in this process system exceeds 1 t of CO2/t of crude steel produced. Different ferrous burden materials, for instance iron ore and scrap, can be used in various proportions in this steelmaking route. This paper analyses how energy use, conversion costs, and CO2 emissions can be influenced by the use of different ferrous burden materials when producing crude steel. An optimisation mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model has been applied for analysis. By the use of the optimisation model, it is possible to highlight some issues of special importance, such as best practices to increase production at low conversion cost, or best practices to increase production at low CO2 emission. It is found out that more benefits will be gained when using the system-oriented analysis to the steelmaking process. Furthermore, a comprehensive view of the trade-offs between the objectives of Cost and CO2 can provide useful information for decision makers to generate strategies under the future emission trading. 相似文献
153.
Absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by breast-fed infants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The absorption of polychlorinated biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans was studied in four breast-fed infants. The absorption was measured by comparing the estimated total intake and the excretion in faeces, during 48 hours, at three different time points; 1, 2 and 3 months post parta. The levels of the analysed compounds in the human milk are typical for Sweden, i.e 20 ppt toxic equivalents for the dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and for the polychlorinated biphenyls 16 ppt toxic equivalents. For most of the congeners the absorption is found to be over 95%. Higher excretion is noticed for heptachlorinated and octachlorinated dioxins. 相似文献
154.
Critical load calculations in the Czech part of 'the Black Triangle' show exceedance of critical load in 75% of the forest area. A comparison with forest damage data shows an insignificant tendency toward more forest damage in areas with high exceedance. We conclude that high exceedance of critical load is a probable contributing factor to forest damage in the area. 相似文献
155.
Nordqvist Y Nilsson U Colmsjo A Dahl A Gudmundsson A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(5):469-474
A denuder/filter system constructed for solvent-free personal exposure measurements was evaluated for separation of vapour and particulate 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) generated from heated PUR-foam. The two different phases were collected in the denuder and on the filter, respectively, by chemosorption on a polydimethylsiloxane (SE-30)-dibutylamine (DBA) stationary phase. Both repeatability and the total mass concentration of 4,4'-MDI were similar to that obtained from the reference method, in this case an impinger/filter system. The penetration of particles through the denuder at 300 ml min(-1) was nearly 100% in the particle size range 25 to 700 nm, which fits well with the Gormley-Kennedy equation. Denuder/filter sampling of the 4,4'-MDI aerosol at 500 ml min(-1) yielded a phase distribution that was in accordance with the results from the reference method. The method limit of detection was 6 ng m(-3) and 4 ng m(-3) for the denuder and filter, respectively, when using an air sampling flow rate of 300 ml min(-1) and a sampling period of 15 min. This is well below the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL) of 50 and 100 microg m(-3) for an 8-hour working day and a 5-min period, respectively. 相似文献
156.
Barbara L. Peckarsky Angus R. McIntosh Christopher C. Caudill Jonas Dahl 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2002,51(6):530-537
Large size often confers a fitness advantage to female insects because fecundity increases with body size. However, the fitness benefits of large size for male insects are less clear. We investigated the mating behavior of the mayfly Baetis bicaudatus to determine whether the probability of male mating success increased with body size. Males formed mating aggregations (swarms) ranging from a few to hundreds of individuals, 1-4 m above the ground for about 1.5-2 h in the early morning. Females that flew near swarms were grabbed by males, pairs dropped to the vegetation where they mated and then flew off individually. Some marked males returned to swarms 1, 2 or 3 days after marking. Larger males swarmed near spruce trees at the edges of meadows, but the probability of copulating was not a function of male body size (no large male advantage). Furthermore, the potential fitness advantage of mating with larger, more fecund females was not greater for large males (no size-assortative mating). However, the sizes of copulating males were significantly less variable than those of non-mating males collected at random in swarms. Intermediate male size may be optimal during mating because of trade-offs between flight agility and longevity or competitive ability. Results of this study are consistent with the hypotheses that there is stabilizing selection on adult male body size during mating, and that male body size in this species may be influenced more by selection pressures acting on larvae than on adults. 相似文献
157.
Jonas Matthias Żebrowski Piotr 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2019,24(6):1169-1190
Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change - The focus of this perspective piece is on memory, persistence, and explainable outreach of forced systems, with greenhouse gas (GHG)... 相似文献
158.
Olli Dahl Risto Pöykiö Hannu Nurmesniemi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):87-92
In Finland, the new limit values for heavy metals in fertilizers used in agriculture and in forestry came into force in March
2007, and for materials used as earth construction agents, in June 2006. From the utilization point of view, it was notable
that the total heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mo, Zn, As, Ni, Ba, and Hg) in fly ash from a coal-fired power
plant were lower than those limit values. The concentrations of the easily soluble elements Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Zn in the fly
ash were between 3.5 and 35 times higher than those found in the coarse mineral soils of Finland. Fly ash is a potential agent
for soil remediation and for improving soil fertility. If inorganic materials and by-products are utilized in earthworks,
the content of harmful compounds must be low and the harmful components must be tightly bound to the matrix. Therefore, a
five-stage sequential extraction procedure was used to evaluate the extractability of different elements in fly ash into the
following fractions: (1) the water-soluble fraction, (2) the exchangeable fraction (CH3COOH), (3) the easily reduced fraction (NH2OH-HCl), (4) the oxidizable fraction (H2O2 + CH3COONH4), and (5) the residual fraction (HF + HNO3 + HCl). 相似文献
159.
160.
Correlation between the seasonal distribution of harbour porpoises and their prey in the Sound,Baltic Sea 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Signe?SveegaardEmail author Heidi?Andreasen Kim?N.?Mouritsen Jens?Peder?Jeppesen Jonas?Teilmann Carl?C.?Kinze 《Marine Biology》2012,159(5):1029-1037
Low densities of harbour porpoises in winter (November–March) and high densities in summer (April–October) were found in the
Sound, connecting the Baltic Sea and Kattegat. Due to their high energy requirements, it is hypothesized that the density
of harbour porpoises is related to local prey abundance. This was tested by examining the stomach content of 53 harbour porpoises
collected between 1987 and 2010 in the Sound (high season, 34 porpoises; low season, 19 porpoises). A total of 1,442 individual
fish specimens from thirteen species were identified. Twelve of these were present in the high–porpoise density season and
seven in the low-density season. The distribution of occurrence and the distribution of number of fish species were different
between seasons, indicating a shift in prey intake between seasons. Furthermore, during the high-density season, the mean
and total prey weight per stomach as well as the prey species diversity was higher. However, no difference was found in the
number of prey species between the two seasons, indicating a higher quality of prey in the high-density season. Atlantic cod
was found to be the main prey species in terms of weight in the high-density season while Atlantic herring and Atlantic cod
were equally important during the low-density season. Prey availability and predictability are suggested as the main drivers
for harbour porpoise distribution, and this could be caused by the formation of frontal zones in spring in the northern part
of the Sound, leading to prey concentrations in predictable areas. 相似文献