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621.
Ximenes Carolina Falcão Rodrigues Samya Mere Lima Podratz Priscila Lang Merlo Eduardo de Araújo Julia Fernandez Puñal Rodrigues Lívia Carla Melo Coitinho Juliana Barbosa Vassallo Dalton Valentim Graceli Jones Bernardes Stefanon Ivanita 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24509-24520
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Organotin compounds, such as tributyltin (TBT), are environment contaminants that induce bioaccumulation and have potential toxic effects on marine... 相似文献
622.
Michael?R.?AllshouseEmail author Gregory?N.?Ivey Ryan?J.?Lowe Nicole?L.?Jones C.?J.?Beegle-Krause Jiangtao?Xu Thomas?Peacock 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2017,17(3):473-483
Windage, the additional direct, wind-induced drift of material floating at the free surface of the ocean, plays a crucial role in the surface transport of biological and contaminant material. Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) uncover the hidden organizing structures that underlie material transport by fluid flows. Despite numerous studies in which LCS ideas have been applied to ocean surface transport scenarios, such as oil spills, debris fields and biological material, there has been no consideration of the influence of windage on LCS. Here we investigate and demonstrate the impact of windage on ocean surface LCS via a case study of the ocean surrounding the UNESCO World Heritage Ningaloo coral reef coast in Western Australia. We demonstrate that the inclusion of windage is necessary when applying LCS to the study of surface transport of any floating material in the ocean. 相似文献
623.
Eqani SA Malik RN Katsoyiannis A Zhang G Chakraborty P Mohammad A Jones KC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(6):1645-1654
Concentrations in surface waters (including particulate phase) of the River Chenab ranged from 27-1100 ng L(-1) and 25-1200 ng L(-1) for OCPs and 7.7-110 ng L(-1) and 13-99 ng L(-1) for PCBs during summer and winter, respectively from 2007-2009. DDTs exhibited the highest concentration, followed by HCHs > chlordane > ∑(24)PCBs > ∑other OCPs. Different indicative ratios for organochlorines suggest that current use, long range transport and also past application of these chemicals contribute to the total burden. Statistical analysis highlighted agricultural and industrial activities and municipal waste disposal as main sources of OCPs and PCBs in the riverine ecosystem of the River Chenab. Risk Quotients (RQ(CCCs)) > 10 for DDTs and PCBs levels in collected water samples from the River Chenab suggest that risk from DDTs and PCBs is moderate to severe and fluxes calculated for OCPs and PCBs from the River Chenab to the Indus River were 7.5 tons per year and 1.0 tons per year, respectively. 相似文献
624.
Butter is a readily collected, integrative and inexpensive sampling matrix for the spatial mapping of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) at the national or regional scale. As air-plant-animal transfers generally supply the POPs reaching butter lipid, this study used butter for an initial evaluation of the occurrence, levels and distribution of POPs (selected organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in Iran, a country for which very little information on usage, emissions and environmental burdens of these compounds exists. Fifty samples from rural and urban areas, in the north, west and central regions of the country were collected from local farms in spring 2007. Concentrations of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE varied widely by a factor of approximately 1000 and approximately 370 (8450 pg g(-1) lipid and 46 800 pg g(-1) lipid on average). The highest levels, found mainly in urban areas in the centre of the country, were amongst the highest reported in the world. PCB concentrations (4320 pg g(-1) lipid on average) varied by a factor of approximately 160 and were highest close to urban centres and lowest in the rural northwest. Although Iran is not known for widespread PCB usage in the past, concentrations were higher than a 'global average' reported in a butter survey in 2001. This simple sampling approach could be adopted in other regions where cows graze, as part of an initial screening to help meet obligations under the Stockholm Convention. 相似文献
625.
Schuster JK Gioia R Harner T Lee SC Breivik K Jones KC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):71-78
Two field studies were conducted for one year using sorbent-impregnated polyurethane foam (SIP) disks for PCB and PBDE air sampling. SIP disks were introduced by Shoeib et al. (2008) as an alternative passive air sampling medium to the polyurethane foam (PUF) disk and have the advantage of a higher holding capacity for organic chemicals. The first study on SIP disks confirmed their application for measuring volatile perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) and their ability to maintain time-integrated (linear) air sampling. In this study, the suitability of the SIP disks for long-term sampling of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was assessed. SIP disks were deployed at a rural site in the UK and harvested after periods ranging from 35-350 days. Atmospheric POP concentrations were monitored with a high-volume air sampler during the deployment period. Linear uptake was observed for all monitored PCBs and PBDEs over the full exposure time. Air-sampler equilibrium was observed for HCB after 6 months. In a second field study, SIP disks were deployed for one year at 10 sites on a latitudinal transect in the UK and Norway, at which air sampling has been undertaken previously with different passive air sampling media since 1994. The estimated concentrations and spatial distributions derived from the SIP disks were largely in agreement with previously reported data. 相似文献
626.
Philip R. Trowbridge Stephen H. Jones 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2009,150(1-4):129-142
Between 2000 and 2006, the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services and the University of New Hampshire collected water quality samples at 25 to 40 stations per year in a 56.5-km2 estuary as part of the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Coastal Assessment program. Due to the high density of stations, probabilistic statistics for the estuary could be calculated with low uncertainty. The proportions of the estuary exceeding thresholds in each year were calculated for temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, nitrogen as nitrate and nitrite, nitrogen as ammonium, phosphorus as orthophosphate, total suspended solids, and fecal coliform bacteria. These values were tested for trends over time and correlations with climate variables. The same statistical tests were applied to monthly grab sample data from a representative station in the estuary. The outcomes of the statistical tests on the two datasets were compared to determine if they provided similar information to coastal managers. Trends and correlations were equally likely to be detected using the probability-based data and the fixed station data, but the results were different for the two datasets. The differences were likely due to the distributed nature of the probability-based sampling design, which places stations in all sections of the estuary. In addition, expressing the probabilistic datasets as estimated proportions reduced variability in volatile parameters, such as bacteria, relative to the grab sample dataset. It will be important to develop tools to rectify trends from probability-based surveys with fixed station monitoring to provide clear information to managers. 相似文献
627.
The Countryside Council for Wales (CCW) is developing a management framework with the primary aim of restoring favourable
conservation status to the sand dune resource of Wales. It will take onboard the requirements of both national and international
conservation legislation and will also help CCW integrate its responsibilities for biodiversity, geodiversity, landscape,
access and recreation for this habitat. In order to achieve certain conservation goals it will be necessary to have in place
a variety of different types of management ranging from non- or minimal intervention through to intensive single species management
and habitat re-creation. However, it will not provide a comprehensive framework for all aspects of site management, but only
those that are deemed to be of strategic importance, and have significance within an all-Wales perspective for their nature
conservation importance. 相似文献
628.
Brian Hurd Neil Leary Russell Jones Joel Smith 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(6):1399-1409
ABSTRACT: Changes in global climate may alter hydrologic conditions and have a variety of effects on human settlements and ecological systems. The effects include changes in water supply and quality for domestic, irrigation, recreational, commercial, and industrial uses; in instream flows that support aquatic ecosystems, recreation uses, hydropower, navigation, and wastewater assimilation; in wetland extent and productivity that support fish, wildlife, and wastewater assimilation; and in the frequency and severity of floods. Watersheds where water resources are stressed under current climate are most likely to be vulnerable to changes in mean climate and extreme events. This study identified key aspects of water supply and use that could be adversely affected by climate change, developed measures and criteria useful for assessing the vulnerability of regional water resources and water dependent resources to climate change, developed a regional database of water sensitive variables consistent with the vulnerability measures, and applied the criteria in a regional study of the vulnerability of U.S. water resources. Key findings highlight the vulnerability of consumptive uses in the western and, in particular, the southwestern United States. However, southern United States watersheds are relatively more vulnerable to changes in water quality, flooding, and other instream uses. 相似文献
629.
Genetic structure of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) populations north and south of Cape Hatteras 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Genetic divergence among samples of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus, Linnaeus) was estimated to evaluate the effect of Cape Hatteras, a well-known zoogeographic barrier in the western Atlantic
Ocean, on intraspecific gene flow. Previous studies based on meristic and morphometric variation and tagging data suggested
that gene flow might be limited among summer flounder populations north and south of Cape Hatteras, although the high vagility
of both juveniles and adults suggests otherwise. We analyzed genetic diversity revealed in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control
region in samples of juveniles and adults collected in 1992 to 1996 from coastal sites from Buzzard's Bay, Massachusetts to
Charleston, South Carolina. In contrast to previous morphological studies, analyses of mtDNA variation reveal no significant
population subdivision centered around Cape Hatteras.
Received: 17 September 1997 / Accepted: 8 September 1998 相似文献
630.