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In this paper the thermal behaviour of Miscanthus × Giganteus (M×G) is studied by thermogravimetric analysis. In order to
characterise the thermal behaviour of its cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the raw M×G material was treated sequentially
by water, H2SO4 and KOH. The global kinetic parameters for each component were determined by subsequent modelling of the TG data with the
Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method and multivariate non-linear regression. It is found that the global pyrolysis of M×G can be satisfactorily
described using a six steps-kinetic scheme. The analytical method proposed here can be probably extended without too many
efforts to other biomass products.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
314.
Lara Duro Jordi Bruno Paloma Gmez M
JosGimeno Paul Wersin 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1997,26(1-4)
The applications of geochemical modelling to natural water systems mostly rely upon the equilibrium assumption. This is in principle justified for deep groundwater systems with long water residence times.In addition, trace element behaviour in these natural systems has been normally modelled by taking into account the precipitation and dissolution of individual trace element phases.Recent geochemical modelling work related to natural analogue systems would indicate that: (1) the equilibrium condition is restricted to a limited number of components in long water residence times and (2) the behaviour of trace metals is very much connected to the major component cycling in the system.There is a need to develop our geochemical modelling capabilities to take these two facts into account in order to be able to predict the behaviour of trace components (radionuclides) in a geological repository.In this work we report on the successful application of steady-state kinetics in conjunction with co-dissolution/co-precipitation approaches to model trace element geochemistry in the natural analogue system at El Berrocal. The evolution of major components of the system (Ca (II), Al (III), CO32− and Si) as well the trace elements investigated (U, Ba and Mn) is well reproduced by using the coupling between steady-state kinetics and co-dissolution/co-precipitation approaches. 相似文献
315.
Laura Braida Sergio Crovella Michele Boniotto Ariella Luchesi Umberto de Vonderweid Bruno Casetta Antonio Amoroso 《黑龙江环境通报》2001,21(7):543-546
We describe a quantitative, rapid, sensitive and reproducible tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) method for the one-step detection of aminoacid (AAs) and acylcarnitine (ACs) concentrations in amniotic fluid. This technology is quicker and more sensitive than other methods used to date since it is possible to determine very low AA and AC concentrations in samples simultaneously in a single run. The high degree of automation allows a large number of pregnancies to be screened for metabolic defects in a very short time. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
316.
Sorption-desorption tests to assess the risk derived from metal contamination in mineral and organic soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We obtained the sorption isotherms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from seven soils with contrasting properties, including mineral and organic soils. The distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined from batch tests in a solution that simulated the soil solution cationic composition. The Kd values of the target metals varied greatly depending on soil type and initial metal concentration. Sorption isotherms were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models, and derived parameters were correlated to soil properties through the construction of a correlation matrix and application of Principal Component Analysis. The batch Kd showed a satisfactory agreement with the Kd obtained from field-contaminated soils. The sorption tests were complemented with the estimation of the reversibility of metal sorption by the application of an extraction test. The extraction yields, which did not relate to the initial metal concentration, depended on the metal-soil combination, and showed no correlation to batch Kd values. The risk derived from a contamination event was estimated through the quantification of a Retention Factor, defined as the ratio of the Kd versus the extraction yield. Results showed that this was an excellent index to highlight which metal and soil represent the most vulnerable scenarios after a contamination event. 相似文献
317.
Alain?DejeanEmail author James?M.?Carpenter Bruno?Corbara Pamela?Wright Olivier?Roux Louis?M.?LaPierre 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(4):265-273
Here we show that trying to rob prey (cleptobiosis) from a highly specialized predatory ant species is risky. To capture prey,
Allomerus decemarticulatus workers build gallery-shaped traps on the stems of their associated myrmecophyte, Hirtella physophora. We wondered whether the frequent presence of immobilized prey on the trap attracted flying cleptoparasites. Nine social
wasp species nest in the H. physophora foliage; of the six species studied, only Angiopolybia pallens rob prey from Allomerus colonies. For those H. physophora not sheltering wasps, we noted cleptobiosis by stingless bees (Trigona), social wasps (A. pallens and five Agelaia species), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), and flies. A relationship between the size of the robbers and their rate of capture
by ambushing Allomerus workers was established for social wasps; small wasps were easily captured, while the largest never were. Reduviids, which
are slow to extract their rostrum from prey, were always captured, while Trigona and flies often escaped. The balance sheet for the ants was positive vis-à-vis the reduviids and four out of the six social
wasp species. For the latter, wasps began by cutting up parts of the prey’s abdomen and were captured (or abandoned the prey)
before the entire abdomen was retrieved so that the total weight of the captured wasps exceeded that of the prey abdomens.
For A. pallens, we show that the number of individuals captured during attempts at cleptobiosis increases with the size of the Allomerus’ prey. 相似文献
318.
Bruno Takahashi Guy Edwards J. Timmons Roberts Ran Duan 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2015,9(2):228-247
The engagement of environmental non-governmental groups in collaborative communication efforts and decision-making about climate change remains a significant challenge. In Latin America, the website Intercambio Climático was set up to attempt to play a breakthrough role in the region's discussion of climate change. This case study focuses on the development, accomplishments, and challenges of this unique online communication initiative among non-governmental organizations working in climate change issues in Latin America with a US-based partner, as a vehicle to achieve their goals. We used secondary data and in-depth interviews to examine this platform's role in disseminating information and influencing decision-making. The results suggest that generally the participants perceive the website positively, but there are also problematic aspects of the collaboration that are not fully recognized by the members, which prevents a more functional and effective communication strategy. 相似文献
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