太湖流域畜禽养殖污染治理模式解析及对策研究

通过调研太湖流域典型养殖场污染治理模式,研究不同模式的优缺点,分析了在污染防治过程中存在问题及原因,并从源头削减、资源化利用、综合治理3方面针对性地提出了畜禽养殖污染防治技术对策,为科学有效开展太湖流域的水污染综合整治工作提供技术依据.     

区域协同机制在太湖主要入湖河流污染控制中的应用——以太[氵鬲]南运河为例

太湖流域属于平原河网区,水系相互连通.单一河流的整治往往不能解决问题,而是需要整个区域的协同控制.区域成员在统一规划的运作下,建立协同机制,加强区域间协作,实现所有区域的信息共享,提高污染治理效率,从而构成公平、共赢的局面,进而保持区域的经济、社会、环境协调发展.     

Trade-offs and performances of a range of alternative global climate architectures for post-2012

Quantitative assessments help to highlight the main features of climate policies by better identifying their strengths and weaknesses. In this study, we develop a grading system for assessing thirteen proposals for post-2012 climate policy. We believe that these proposals contain appropriate policy instruments which will be considered for discussions about how to design the post-2012 climate agreement. Our grades are based on four criteria: environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, distributional considerations and institutional feasibility. We analyze the grades with two complementary methods: principal component and cluster analysis. Our results entail three policy implications. Firstly, the higher the number of policy instruments a proposal comprises, the more difficult might be its implementation. Secondly, proposals which include a meaningful effort by the U.S. tend to fail in environmental effectiveness and institutional feasibility. Thirdly, we identify that the “first best” and the “second best” approaches belong to a stable policy group, and both may be considered as suitable candidates for post-2012 climate policy.     

我国地表水环境质量评价存在的问题与建议

我国地表水环境质量评价工作历经30余年,已初步形成一套基本成熟的地表水环境质量监测与评价技术体系。本文根据多年工作的实践,结合当前我国地表水环境监测与评价的实际,分析了我国地表水环境质量评价工作中存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的改进建议。     

二妃山垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量浅析

以武汉市二妃山垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边地下水环境质量为研究对象,2007年12月采取垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边居民自用水井的地下水进行检测分析和模糊评价。测试目标为pH、总硬度和阴阳离子等。经检测后发现垃圾渗滤液中大部分金属离子含量比较高,部分水井中Fe、Hg、Mn、Pb、NO3离子超过地下水质量标准GB／T14848—1993三级标准,可见垃圾填埋场对周边地下水产生了一定的影响。     

湿排法金矿尾矿库环境风险评价实例分析

环境风险评价从20世纪80年代以来就被发达国家纳入环境管理的范畴,我国目前也将其作为可能发生事故危险的建设项目环境管理的重要内容。本文以北方某湿排法金矿尾矿库为例,对其进行环境风险评价。通过风险识别,确定了最大可信事故,并在此基础上提出了风险管理措施。     

Cd在无瓣海桑模拟湿地系统中的分布迁移及净化效应

在温室中建立红树林植物无瓣海桑模拟湿地系统,分别用正常、5倍和10倍浓度3种人工配制的生活污水定时定量对模拟系统污灌4个月,研究重金属Cd的分布、迁移以及湿地系统对Cd污染的净化效应。结果表明,污水中的Cd主要存留在土壤子系统中(约90%),只有很少部分迁移到植物体和凋落物中;无瓣海桑各器官中Cd含量在根部最高;模拟系统对污水中Cd的净化效果显著,在植物-土壤-水系统中,正常、5倍和10倍浓度组的净化率分别为96.04%、85.19%和92.24%,在无植物系统中,对应组分别为81.18%、85.46%和80.96%。     

Achieving forest carbon information with higher certainty: A five-part plan

International negotiations on the inclusion of land use activities into an emissions reduction system for the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have been partially hindered by the technical challenges of measuring, reporting, and verifying greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the policy issues of leakage, additionality, and permanence. This paper outlines a five-part plan for estimating forest carbon stocks and emissions with the accuracy and certainty needed to support a policy for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, forest conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (the REDD-plus framework considered at the UNFCCC COP-15) in developing countries. The plan is aimed at UNFCCC non-Annex 1 developing countries, but the principles outlined are also applicable to developed (Annex 1) countries. The parts of the plan are: (1) Expand the number of national forest carbon Measuring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems with a priority on tropical developing countries; (2) Implement continuous global forest carbon assessments through the network of national systems; (3) Achieve commitments from national space agencies for the necessary satellite data; (4) Establish agreed-on standards and independent verification processes to ensure robust reporting; and (5) Enhance coordination among international and multilateral organizations.     

混凝法深度处理焦化废水的研究

针对焦化厂二级生化出水CODcr、色度不达标问题,研究采用PAC和PFS对焦化厂二级生化出水进行深度处理研究。研究确定了各混凝剂的最佳投药量和最适pH值,对比了各混凝剂在最佳混凝条件下的处理效果,以及在最佳投药量条件下最佳pH值。结果表明：PAC最佳投药量为6g/L,PFS最佳投药量为5.5g/L;在最佳投药量的条件下,对CODcr去除较好的是PAC,去除率为44.83%;对色度去除率两者相同,都为80%;二者最佳pH值均为7。     

上海南区污水输送干线世博期间排水安全保障

上海世界博览会将于2010年5月至10月召开,会展期跨越上海市夏季主汛期。届时如何保障世博园区的排水安全和水质安全,对接纳园区污水的已建干线排水系统是一个极大的考验。通过建立上海市南干线排水管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对世博园区污水接入后南干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测世博园区的排水风险,提出世博期间南干线的排水安全保障方案,为世博会期间的防洪保安奠定基础。